The invention discloses a composite leather flame compounding machine with a rapid cooling function. The compound machine comprises a base, a feeding roller, a steering roller, a pressing roller, a flame jetting mechanism, a cooling roller, an air cooling channel and a storage roller, wherein the feeding roller is arranged on the base, the steering roller is arranged on one side of the feeding roller, the pressing roller is arranged on the side, away from the feeding roller, of the steering roller, the cooling roller is arranged on the side, away from the steering roller, of the pressing roller, an air cooling mechanism is arranged on the cooling roller, the storage roller is arranged on the side, away from the pressing roller, of the cooling roller, and the flame jetting mechanism is arranged at one side of the pressing roller. The invention further discloses a working method of the composite leather flame compounding machine capable of achieving rapid cooling. The compound machine isadvantaged in that on one hand, multiple cooling modes are adopted, the cooling speed is high, efficiency is high, and influence of equipment faults is reduced, on the other hand, the cooling speedsof different positions of the materials are averaged, temperature difference is reduced, and the finished product quality is improved.