The invention discloses a molten iron dephosphorization agent, and a dephosphorization and desilication method for molten iron. The molten iron dephosphorization agent is composed of the following components in parts by weight: 20-35 parts of acid-mixed
iron oxide powder, 50-60 parts of dust-removed shot-blasting
powder and 14-25 parts of dust-removed stainless steel
smelting ash. The molten irondephosphorization agent provided by the invention can be applied in all molten iron pretreatment processes, and has a strong dephosphorization function; simultaneously the molten iron dephosphorization agent contains
solid oxides containing Cr and Ni, can slightly increase the Ni content in molten iron at a dephosphorization terminal by 5-8%, compared with original Ni content, and can reduce Ni addition amount during sequent
smelting processes and lower production cost when used for
smelting stainless steel; and all the raw materials for the molten iron dephosphorization agent are
solid wastes containing Ni and Cr generated during stainless steel production processes of steel enterprises, and the wastes are recycled for molten iron dephosphorization, thus saving cost and reducing the emission of wastes.