The invention relates to a method for synthesizing 5-hydroxymethylfuroic acid by using Deinococcus radiodurans R1, inoculating Deinococcus radiodurans R1 on a TGY solid medium by streaking, picking a single colony and inoculating it on a TGY liquid medium after cultivation, After culturing to the logarithmic growth phase, insert it into fresh TGY liquid medium according to the inoculation amount of 1%, cultivate for 48 hours, collect the bacterial cells, add them to the buffer solution containing 5-hydroxymethylfurfural, and heat them at a temperature of 20-60 Reaction at ℃ for 3-48 hours to obtain 5-hydroxymethylfuroic acid. Deinococcus radiodurans R1 used in the present invention is used as a biocatalyst, which has high tolerance to 5-hydroxymethylfurfural, can catalyze the selective oxidation of high-concentration substrates to synthesize the target product, and the yield is more than 86%. The method of the present invention It has the characteristics of higher substrate concentration, better reaction efficiency and good selectivity.