The invention discloses a temperature compensation system and a temperature compensation method for a capacitance type micro-mechanical accelerometer. The temperature compensation system for the capacitance type micro-mechanical accelerometer comprises a capacitance type micro-mechanical acceleration sensor, a driving signal generating circuit, a capacitance / voltage switching circuit, an analog band-pass filter, a first digital / analog (D / A) converter, an analog / digital (A / D) converter, a second D / A converter, a third D / A converter and a field programmable gate array chip. The temperature compensation method for the capacitance type micro-mechanical accelerometer comprises three steps of: carrier wave generating / synchronously demodulating, resonance frequency locking and zero offset temperature compensating. According to the invention, the temperature change of a capacitance type micro-mechanical acceleration sensor is detected by the means that the resonance frequency of the capacitance type micro-mechanical acceleration sensor changes along with the change of the temperature, and the temperature compensation system is used for compensating the temperature by the means that the resonance frequency is taken as a compensation reference signal of an output signal of a capacitance type micro-mechanical accelerometer system. Therefore, the temperature compensation cost is reduced, the influence of temperature measurement errors on compensation precision is eliminated, and the temperature compensation precision is improved.