The invention discloses a hydroxy sulfobetaine gemini surfactant, which is simply recorded as DTH-n, the synthesis method comprises the following steps: (1) adding N, N-dimethylethylenediamine and
alkyl bromide (
carbon chain lengths are respectively 10, 12, 14 and 16) into a reaction container, carrying out
reflux stirring at 70 DEG C for 16-20 hours by taking absolute ethyl
alcohol as a
solvent and KOH as an alkaline agent, carrying out suction
filtration, carrying out rotary
evaporation on filtrate to remove the
solvent, dissolving a product into n-
hexane, adding concentrated
hydrochloric acid, stirring to separate out a white
solid, carrying out suction
filtration to obtain a
solid gemini
alkyl tertiary amine acidified substance, and
drying the
solid gemini
alkyl tertiary amine acidified substance; dissolving the solid acidified substance in absolute ethyl
alcohol, carrying out liquid separation, taking a lower-layer solution, and adding solid KOH to reduce the gemini alkyl
tertiary amine acidified substance into an
intermediate product gemini alkyl
tertiary amine under the protection condition of normal
hexane; and (2) adding the product, 3-chloro-2-hydroxypropane
sodium sulfonate and an isopropanol
aqueous solution as a
solvent and
sodium carbonate as an alkaline agent into a reaction container to maintain the pH value of the reaction solution at 8-10, carrying out
reflux reaction at 90 DEG C for 48 hours, separating liquid, taking a lower-layer solution, evaporating in a vacuum oven to remove the solvent, dissolving residues in a 70%
ethanol solution, carrying out suction
filtration, standing the filtrate at 0 DEG C for 12 hours, separating out a
viscous oil substance, and
drying to obtain the product. Separating liquid, re-precipitating and purifying, evaporating in a vacuum oven to remove the solvent, and
grinding to obtain a faint yellow powdery solid. According to the invention, a two-
step method is adopted, the reaction steps are few, the operation is simple, the product is easy to separate and purify, and the surface activity and foam performance are excellent.