The invention discloses cationic complex nanoparticles of poloxamer and / or a combination of poloxamer amine and PEG lipids, and relates to the field of gene therapy. The cationic complex nanoparticlescomprise poloxamer and / or poloxamer amine and PEG lipids, wherein the cationic complex nanoparticles comprise one or more of formulas as shown in the specifications. As a nucleic acid carrier, the cationic complex nanoparticle is lower in cost than a virus carrier, convenient for quality control, higher in transfection efficiency than a common nano carrier, low in toxicity, good in biocompatibility, free of liquid change after administration in an in-vitro experiment, particularly suitable for transfection of isolated cells, effective in in-vivo and in-vitro transfection, and simple to prepare, so that the problem in that nucleic acid, especially mRNA, is safely and efficiently delivered in vitro and vivo is creatively solved.