The invention discloses plastic vibration processing and sample molding integration test equipment and a method. The equipment comprises a hydraulic power system, a vibration power driving system, a test platform, a piston assembly, a central mould, a visualization device, a controlling system and the like. The equipment and the method combine vibration field quantity with mould sample molding, combine cutting, pressing, vibration and sample processing molding function into a whole, are different from rheological property research limited by polymer of a traditional rheometer, avoid form change of plastic mixture structures when materials in a test cavity are taken out, monitor a microstructure online directly or directly mold and obtain detecting samples. The plastic vibration processing and sample molding integration test equipment and the method can not only achieve the rheological property test of moving state and steady state of the polymer, but also be used for microstructure form research of a plurality of polymer systems under multi-element field quantity and influence rule research between processing performance and technological conditions. The plastic vibration processing and sample molding integration test equipment and the method can be widely applied to industries of material, chemistry, pharmacy, coating, food, building and the like.