103 results about "Isotopic composition" patented technology

Method and apparatus for providing real-time data indicative of the isotopic composition of formation fluids during drilling. The method includes the steps of: (a) providing a reference fluid having a known isotopic composition in a reference cell; (b) capturing a sample of formation; (c) providing at least one laser beam; (e) passing a beam through the reference fluid, measuring the reference-measurement beam before and after it passes through the reference fluid; (f) and passing a beam through the sample, measuring the beam before and after it passes through the sample, and calculating a first isotope concentration from those measurements. The measurements can provide information relating to the carbon isotopic composition of individual compounds in hydrocarbon gas mixtures, with the individual compounds including methane, ethane, propane, iso- or normal butane, or iso- or normal pentane.

A system and method of interpreting well log isotopic information in a drilling operation of a target area. The method begins by inputting a template for indicating a trend from analyzed mud gas samplings into a computing system. Next, a plurality of mud gas samplings are profiled through a well bore at a plurality of incremental depths of the well bore. The plurality of gas samplings are analyzed to obtain a plurality of isotopic data points associated with hydrocarbon isotopic composition of the plurality of gas samplings. The plurality of isotopic data points includes data associated with a composition of ethane and methane or other gaseous components within each of the mud gas samplings. A trend associated with the template is determined by the computing system from the plurality of isotopic data points. The plurality of isotopic data points is analyzed to geochemically interpret the geological information.

Method and apparatus for providing real-time data indicative of the isotopic composition of formation fluids during drilling. The method includes the steps of: (a) providing a reference fluid having a known isotopic composition in a reference cell; (b) capturing a sample of formation; (c) providing at least one laser beam; (e) passing a beam through the reference fluid, measuring the reference-measurement beam before and after it passes through the reference fluid; (f) and passing a beam through the sample, measuring the beam before and after it passes through the sample, and calculating a first isotope concentration from those measurements. The measurements can provide information relating to the carbon isotopic composition of individual compounds in hydrocarbon gas mixtures, with the individual compounds including methane, ethane, propane, iso- or normal butane, or iso- or normal pentane.

A method of displaying well log isotopic information in a drilling operation of a target area. The method begins by profiling a plurality of mud gas samples through a well bore at a plurality of incremental depths of the well bore. The plurality of gas samples are analyzed to obtain a plurality of isotopic data points associated with hydrocarbon isotopic composition of the plurality of gas samples. The plurality of isotopic data points includes data associated with a composition of ethane and methane within each of the mud gas samples. The plurality of isotopic data points are plotted to determine geological information from the target area derived from the plotted plurality of isotopic data points. The plurality of isotopic data points is analyzed to geochemically interpret the geological information. The interpretation is then displayed with data from a mudlog and geophysical log.

The present invention is a method of interpreting sampled mud gas compositional and isotopic data from a target area in a drilling operation. The compositional and isotopic data is plotted on a chart. The chart preferably illustrates methane compositional data together with isotopic composition, such as δ13C1. From this chart, mixing lines are determined. The mixing lines are determined by finding data points plotted on the chart which approximate a straight line or other trend. The mixing lines are then analyzed to determine reservoir isotopic signature, hydrocarbon communication and any interference to this communication within the target area.

An ion source(s) is configured to generate ions from one or more elements including a plurality of different isotopes or unique molecular combinations of two or more different isotopes from at least one of the selected elements. A selection filter(s) directs a subset of the ions onto a catalytic transmembrane to grow nanotubes of a specific isotope composition on the opposite side of the transmembrane. The nanotubes may be uniformly or selectively doped with dopant atoms. A controller can configure the selection filter(s) to sequentially pass different subsets of ions to form isotope, molecular or element junctions in the growing nanotubes.

The present invention is a method of interpreting sampled mud gas compositional and isotopic data from a target area in a drilling operation. The compositional and isotopic data is plotted on a chart. The chart preferably illustrates methane compositional data together with isotopic composition, such as δ13C1. From this chart, mixing lines are determined. The mixing lines are determined by finding data points plotted on the chart which approximate a straight line or other trend. The mixing lines are then analyzed to determine reservoir isotopic signature, hydrocarbon communication and any interference to this communication within the target area.

The invention provides a device and method for independently or synchronously collecting atmosphere CO2 and water vapor samples, which are mainly used for synchronously collecting air CO2 and water vapor samples in the open and are especially applicable to analyzing the concentrations of CO2 and water vapor in the air and the isotopic compositions of 13C in CO2 and 2H(D) / 180 in the water vapor. Meanwhile, the device and the method are also applicable to independently collecting CO2 or water vapor sample. The device and the method are widely applied to researches in the aspects of ecology, atmosphere and environment and are convenient for field installation and removal. The device comprises an atmosphere filtering system, a gas extraction system, an atmosphere CO2 and H2O concentration analysis and measurement module, a water vapor condensation and storage system, a CO2 gas sampling and storage system and a gas drying system.

The invention is related to the instrumental analytical chemistry, further more to the stable isotope determination in food products. The present invention is referred to the alcohol thermal dehydration chamber, apparatus for “online” determination of isotopic composition of non-exchangeable hydrogen stable isotopes in ethanol samples, which comprises of: A) Alcohol thermal dehydration chamber, B) Detection device, which contains pyrolysis reactor and the Continuous Flow Isotope Spectrometer, and it is connected to the alcohol thermal dehydration chamber over C) System of valves, connectors and capillary tubes which are used for transfer of analyzed sample as for the purging of the alcohol thermal dehydration chamber; procedure for “online” determination of isotopic composition of non-exchangeable hydrogen stable isotopes in ethanol samples and procedure for “offline” preparation of ethene (ethylene) gas by means of alcohol thermal dehydration chamber and for the purpose of authenticity and geographical origin determination of wines, strong spirits, beer, fruit juices, honey and other food product which contain alcohol and / or fermentable sugars.

The invention relates to a method for measuring the hydrogen isotope ratio of ethanol in grape wine and belongs to the technical field of stable isotope analysis. The method comprises the steps that (1) hydrogen isotope is used for forming a known to-be-tested water treatment sample; (2) acetone is used for diluting a fermentation ethanol sample treated by water, and the mixture is mixed for use; (3) a liquid sample injection needle is used for sample injection, and gas chromatography equipped with a molecular sieve capillary chromatographic column is used for separating ethanol, acetone, water and other hydrogen compounds; (4) an on-line cracking device is used for converting ethanol into hydrogen; (5) CF-IMRS is used for measuring the hydrogen delta D produced by the ethanol; (6) correction computation of delta DSMOW of sample ethanol is performed according to the delta D measured value of an ethanol isotopic reference material. According to the method for measuring the hydrogen isotope ratio of ethanol in grape wine, GC-TC-IRMS is used for measuring the hydrogen isotopic compositions of the fermentation ethanol, and the technical difficulty of series of pretreatment of ethanol purification before measurement of fermentation ethanol hydrogen isotope in the past is solved; advance of the ethanol hydrogen isotope measurement technology can be promoted, and a technical method is provided for source identification of fermentation ethanol, sugar mixing detection of a plant source product and study of metabolic pathways in future.

Water electrolysis device determining stable isotopic composition of water and a water electrolysis method for stable isotopic composition of water capable of analyzing many samples easily, safely and at low cost in very short time, and rapidly analyzing 17O are provided. The water electrolysis device performing mass spectrometry of hydrogen or oxygen stable isotopic composition includes a proton exchange membrane of fluorocarbon polymer plated non-electrolytically with platinum, iridium, rhodium or iridium-rhodium alloy, and a cathode and an anode of porous titanium plated with platinum and sandwiching the proton exchange membrane, wherein water electrolyzes by introduction into the anode side chamber and supplying DC current between the anode and the cathode, and oxygen gas generated at the anode and hydrogen gas generated at the cathode respectively flows into an isotope ratio mass spectrometer. Water electrolysis method for stable isotopic composition of water using the water electrolysis device is also provided.

The invention relates to the technical field of water body nitrate pollution treatment and control, and is a method for culturing a denitrifying bacterium and using the bacterium to determine water body nitrate nitrogen isotopic composition. The method comprises the following steps of: (1) carrying out enrichment culture of the denitrifying bacteria, (2) detecting whether the denitrifying bacteria completely converse NO3- in a culture fluid, (3) concentrating of the denitrifying bacteria, (4) adding the concentrated cell culture to a sample bottle, purifying an upper space and removing N2O in the denitrifying bacterium liquid, (5) conversing NO3- in the sample to N2O, (6) determining the N2O nitrogen isotope, and (7) correcting the nitrogen isotope determination result to complete the test. The positive effects of the invention are as follows: the culture of the denitrifying bacteria can be completed by using only a common saline bottle or a triangular flask, the detection of sulfanilamide color development improves the reliability of the determination result, and the determination cost is reduced. For the current situation that severe water body nitrate pollution is urgently needed to be treated, the method of the invention has the advantages of scientificalness, simplicity, and high maneuverability, and has a broad popularization prospect.

Manufacturing a gamma radiation source includes providing an unacceptable material that is a combination of acceptable and unacceptable isotopes, transforming the unacceptable material into an acceptable material by removing unacceptable isotopes from the unacceptable material, leaving only acceptable isotopes, mixing selenium-74 and the acceptable material and heating the mixture to cause the constituents to inter-react and subsequently subjecting the reaction product to irradiation to convert at least a proportion of the selenium-74 to selenium-75. Manufacturing a gamma radiation source may also include adding at least one other acceptable material to the mixture. The at least one other acceptable material may be added to the mixture prior to heating the mixture. The unacceptable material may be selected from the group consisting of: Zinc, Titanium, Nickel, Zirconium, Ruthenium, Iron, Silver, Indium, Thallium, Samarium, Ytterbium, Germanium, and Iridium.

A method is disclosed for forming a strained Si layer on SiGe, where the SiGe layer has improved thermal conductivity. A first layer of Si or Ge is deposited on a substrate in a first depositing step; a second layer of the other element is deposited on the first layer in a second depositing step; and the first and second depositing steps are repeated so as to form a combined SiGe layer having a plurality of Si layers and a plurality of Ge layers. The respective thicknesses of the Si layers and Ge layers are in accordance with a desired composition ratio of the combined SiGe layer (so that a 1:1 ratio typically is realized with Si and Ge layers each about 10 Å thick). The combined SiGe layer is characterized as a digital alloy of Si and Ge having a thermal conductivity greater than that of a random alloy of Si and Ge. This method may further include the step of depositing a Si layer on the combined SiGe layer; the combined SiGe layer is characterized as a relaxed SiGe layer, and the Si layer is a strained Si layer. For still greater thermal conductivity in the SiGe layer, the first layer and second layer may be deposited so that each layer consists essentially of a single isotope.

A method is disclosed for forming a strained Si layer on SiGe, where the SiGe layer has improved thermal conductivity. A first layer of Si or Ge is deposited on a substrate in a first depositing step; a second layer of the other element is deposited on the first layer in a second depositing step; and the first and second depositing steps are repeated so as to form a combined SiGe layer having a plurality of Si layers and a plurality of Ge layers. The respective thicknesses of the Si layers and Ge layers are in accordance with a desired composition ratio of the combined SiGe layer (so that a 1:1 ratio typically is realized with Si and Ge layers each about 10 Å thick). The combined SiGe layer is characterized as a digital alloy of Si and Ge having a thermal conductivity greater than that of a random alloy of Si and Ge. This method may further include the step of depositing a Si layer on the combined SiGe layer; the combined SiGe layer is characterized as a relaxed SiGe layer, and the Si layer is a strained Si layer. For still greater thermal conductivity in the SiGe layer, the first layer and second layer may be deposited so that each layer consists essentially of a single isotope.

A system providing excitation and selective transport and / or reaction of isotopologues. Two or more isotope effects are combined within a reaction cell to produce transient differentiation of isotopologues through excitation or chemical reaction followed by rapid separation or conversion. A current conductor adjacent to a fluid carries an excitation current produced by a switching source. The excitation current produces an alternating magnetic field adjacent to the conductor that interacts with a population of isotopologues within the adjacent fluid layer to produce a population of reaction intermediates or products that have an isotopic composition different from the initial isotopologues. An electrolytic power supply may also be connected to the conductor to provide a voltage that may be used to selectively attract and electrolyze a portion of the reaction intermediates or products within the adjacent fluid layer.

The invention relates to methods for determining the source of hydrocarbons presented in the pores of a host rock or found in contaminated groundwater. The method includes the steps of (a) determining a first isotopic composition of boron and / or lithium in one or more components within a potential source rock sample, such as kerogen, clay, or water; (b) determining a second isotopic composition of boron and / or lithium in the hydrocarbons found within the pores of a host rock sample or in contaminated groundwater; and (c) comparing the first and second isotopic compositions to determine whether the potential source rock is the source of the hydrocarbons within the pores of the host rock or in contaminated groundwater. The comparison is facilitated by using the isotope fractionation between the kerogen, clay, or water components and the bitumen component of the potential source rock, which allows one to predict the isotope composition of any hydrocarbons originating in the bitumen component of the source rock, based on the isotope composition of one of the other three phases. The method can be used to select host rock for extracting oil and other hydrocarbons, as well as in remediating groundwater contamination.

The invention discloses a device and a method for dynamically and continuously measuring soil respiration rate and isotope composition by adopting a large sample. According to the invention, an air pump is used for driving air to pass through a soda lime column and an air filter so as to produce clean CO2-free air, and the clean CO2-free air is used for steadily carrying CO2 produced by soil respiration to dynamically enter a detection device, so as to achieve dynamic and continuous measuring, and therefore, the detection efficiency is improved; and meanwhile, a plurality of vertically-arranged cylindrical culture tubes with openings at two ends are designed as soil culture tubes, and when in detection, culture soil is filled to reach 1 / 2 to 3 / 4 of the volume of the soil culture tube, so that the soil weight of each soil culture tube is 100-500g, and the clean CO2-free air enters from the lower end of the soil culture tube and flows out from the upper end of the soil culture tube, thus realizing detection on large samples, and improving the accuracy and the representativeness of detection data.

The invention discloses a method for determining the water loss of a reservoir by using hydrogen and oxygen isotopes, belonging to the field of regional water balance and water resource management. The method comprises the following steps: (1) collecting hydro-meteorological, hydraulic engineering and other basic data of the reservoir; (2) investigating and analyzing the items of water bodies of a variety of water sources flowing in and out of the reservoir; (3) carrying out field monitoring experiments and acquiring water samples of the variety of water sources in the reservoir; (4) determining the composition of oxygen and hydrogen isotopes in every incoming and outgoing items of the reservoir in a laboratory; (5) establishing a calculation model; and (6) determining the water loss of the reservoir. A stable-isotope method is a useful tool in modern hydrological research; isotope tracer technology is introduced into the calculation of water balance in the reservoir, so the water loss of the reservoir can be effectively analyzed. In addition, the method provided by the invention has few measuring factors, and is simple in calculation method and reasonable in results; and the method is worth reference when applied as a novel method.

The invention relates to a method for eliminating cyanic acid radical disturbance in boron isotope thermal ionization mass spectrosoopy, which includes following steps: when using thermal ionization mass spectroscopic detection coat, the restraining agent and boron isotope are coated on the sample according to any proportion to carry on boron isotope detection; the method in the invention is to restrain the synthesis of CNO- and Cs2CNO+ion and eliminate the disturbance of CNO- and CS2CNO+ion to boron isotope detection.

The invention belongs to the field of measurement of isotope composition in water of mineral inclusions and particularly discloses a system and a method for analyzing oxygen isotope composition in water of an oxygen-free mineral inclusion. One end of an inclusion burst extraction / purification separation / extract conversion system of the system is connected with a product collection and measurement system, and the other end of the inclusion burst extraction / purification separation / extract conversion system is connected with a waste treatment system. The method comprises steps as follows: sampling of a mineral sample; baking and vacuum degassing; bursting, extraction and purification of the mineral inclusion; conversion of the water in the mineral inclusion; collection and mass spectrometric measurement of a converted product; waste treatment of a reaction product. The problems that water extraction of the mineral inclusion is not thorough, impurity ingredient separation is not complete, oxygen isotope fractionation is easily caused in the conversion process and the like are solved, and the analysis and test accuracy and the analysis and test efficiency are improved.

The invention belongs to the field of determination of gas content and isotopic compositions and particularly discloses a device for collecting bubble gas in geothermal water. The device comprises a tap water container, a first ball valve, a diaphragm gauge, a second ball valve, a molecular sieve trap, a three-way ball valve, an injector, an inverted glass funnel and a sampler, wherein a gas outlet of the first ball valve is inserted into the tap water container, a gas inlet of the first ball valve and a gas outlet of the second ball valve are connected with an outlet and an inlet of the sampler respectively, the diaphragm gauge is connected with a gauge hatch of the sampler, a gas outlet and a gas inlet of the molecular sieve trap are connected with a gas inlet of the second ball valve and one way of the three-way ball valve, and the other two ways of the three-way ball valve are connected with the injector and the glass funnel respectively. The device has the advantages that the problem of incapability of indicating collected gas amount accurately due to high gas humidity during collection is solved; the pressure of collected gas is higher than an atmospheric pressure, and accordingly the problem that the bubble gas is contaminated by air easily during storage is solved.

The invention relates to a method for measuring gas leakage caused by drilling in the geological storage process of CO2. The method comprises the following main steps of: 1) before the CO2 is injected, performing background value sampling survey on the CO2 content and isotopic composition of soil at the peripheries of an injection well and a monitoring well, and finding out the content and source of the CO2 in the soil under the undisturbed condition; 2) analyzing the carbon isotope of the injected CO2, marking the feature of the isotope, and injecting into a deep salt water layer; and 3) performing sampling analysis on the content and isotope of the CO2 in the soil at positions which are different distances away from the injection well in different time periods, measuring whether the content of the CO2 in the soil is increased or not compared with that under the undisturbed condition, and measuring a relation between the content and CO2 injection. By the method, the CO2 content and isotopic composition of soil gas at the peripheries of the injection well and the monitoring well in the geological storage process of the CO2 can be monitored, so that the influence of the injection well and the monitoring well on the safety of the geological storage process of the CO2 is evaluated.

The invention belongs to the technical field of oil and gas formation and particularly relates to carbonatite oil and gas reservoir pyrite rubidium-strontium isotope chronology. The method comprises ten steps of selection of a dating object, preparation of a sample, cleaning of the sample, drying of the sample, weighing and dissolving of the sample, drying and re-dissolving of the sample, chemicalseparation, treatment of component solutions, determination of isotopic compositions, and analysis and comparison. The carbonatite oil and gas reservoir pyrite rubidium-strontium isotope chronology in the invention is combined with an Rb-Sr chronology and research for the radioactivity and stable isotopes, and a method for determining the carbonatite reservoir oil and gas formation time is provided. According to the method disclosed by the invention, the sample amount used for single analysis is 1 / 10 to 1 / 100 the sample amount for conventional analysis, the use amount of the sample is extremely small, the sampling frequency is greatly reduced, the workload is reduced, and the analysis time is shortened.

The invention discloses a step-by-step grading sampling method suitable for a carbonatite sample. The step-by-step grading sampling method comprises the steps of: sample collecting, sample coarse crushing, sample fine crushing and sample selecting, wherein the sample coarse crushing is realized as follows: a target mineral is completely separated from surrounding rock by adopting a mechanical crushing method, and meanwhile a crushed sample containing the target mineral is obtained; and the sample fine crushing is realized as follows: the crushed sample containing the target mineral, obtained from the sample coarse crushing, is further crushed by adopting a mechanical crushing method to obtain the target mineral and the crushed sample containing the target mineral, and the acting point of the mechanical crushing is in the carbonatite surrounding rock. According to the step-by-step grading sampling method, the target mineral can be accurately selected without changing the chemical components of the target mineral and causing the pollution of other minerals, the reliability of analysis testing on the aspects of elementary composition, isotope composition and the like is improved, and the foundation is further laid for the research of a carbonatite reservoir.

Water electrolysis device determining stable isotopic composition of water and a water electrolysis method for stable isotopic composition of water capable of analyzing many samples easily, safely and at low cost in very short time, and rapidly analyzing 17O are provided. The water electrolysis device performing mass spectrometry of hydrogen or oxygen stable isotopic composition includes a proton exchange membrane of fluorocarbon polymer plated non-electrolytically with platinum, iridium, rhodium or iridium-rhodium alloy, and a cathode and an anode of porous titanium plated with platinum and sandwiching the proton exchange membrane, wherein water electrolyzes by introduction into the anode side chamber and supplying DC current between the anode and the cathode, and oxygen gas generated at the anode and hydrogen gas generated at the cathode respectively flows into an isotope ratio mass spectrometer. Water electrolysis method for stable isotopic composition of water using the water electrolysis device is also provided.

The semiconductor substrate comprises a silicon substrate 10, a silicon germanium layer 12 formed on the silicon substrate; and a silicon layer 14 formed on the silicon germanium layer. At least one of an isotope composition ratio of one Si isotope and an isotope composition ratio of a Ge isotope of at least one of the silicon substrate, the silicon germanium layer and the silicon layer is above 95%. In at least one of the silicon substrate, the silicon germanium layer and the silicon layer, at lest one of an isotope composition ratio of one Si isotope and an isotope composition ratio of one Ge isotope is set higher, whereby the heat can be scattered in the direction horizontal to the substrate plane. Thus, the semiconductor substrate can have higher heat radiation.

The invention relates to the use of inductively coupled plasma mass spectroscopy for cellular sample analysis. In some embodiments a method of performing mass spectroscopy analysis using an inductively coupled plasma mass spectroscopy system is provided. The method may include introducing a cellular sample comprising one or more cells or cellular particles into an inductively coupled plasma of the inductively coupled plasma mass spectroscopy system. The method may further include using the inductively coupled plasma mass spectroscopy system to assess the cellular sample by detecting and measuring one or more element tags in the cellular sample based on the element or isotopic compositions of the one or more element tags.