The invention relates to a large-diameter metal material welding mold and a welding method, which relate to the welding technology. In the field welding, the price for utilizing a diesel engine is high, the current is instable, and the welding quality is poor. The large-diameter metal material welding mold comprises an upper die and a lower die, wherein the upper die is provided with a molten powder cavity, an injection hole and an upper welding cavity, and the large-diameter metal material welding mold is characterized in that the top surface of the upper die is provided with a top cover, the bottom surface of the top cover is provided with a draught groove which is communicated with the molten powder cavity, one end of the draught groove is an ignition end, the other end is a fire guide end, the ignition end is exposed, the fire guide end is connected with the molten powder cavity, the top cover is provided with a vertical flue which is communicated with the draught groove, a flue port is provided with a filter net for preventing large particles from entering the flue, and a smoke removing device is arranged above the flue. By adopting the technical scheme, the electric energy is not needed, convenience in carrying can be realized, flexibility in field construction is realized, and the cost is low; moreover, the top of the mold is additionally provided with a smoke-dust processing device, so that dust splashing can be prevented from injuring operation personnel in the construction process, and the harm of the smoke on the human body can be reduced.