The invention discloses a multi-RCA (rolling circle amplification) method based on split padlock probes. Each novel split padlock probe is about 90bp in length and comprises four parts, namely a detection arm, a universal primer area, an HhaI endonuclease site and a tag sequence area, wherein an amplification system is composed of a connection system and an RCA system. The concrete detection method comprises the steps of: firstly, carrying out coupled reaction, mixing a target sequence DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) segment and four split padlock probes of which the final concentration is 1mol/L, hybridizing for 15 minutes after boiling and degenerating, adding T4DNA ligase and T4DNA ligase buffer solution, supplying 10 muL of reaction system; carrying out exonuclease I and exonuclease III exterior contact for 45 minutes at 37 DEG C, preparing an annular template and then carrying out RCA reaction; mixing, boiling and degenerating 10 muL of connection product and universal primer, respectively adding dNTP, phi29DNA polymerase, HhaI restriction enzyme and buffer solution to form 20 muL of reaction system, stewing for 60 minutes at 37 DEG C; finally detecting single-chain DNA product of RCA with a specific tag sequence, thus obtaining a corresponding test conclusion according to the result.