The invention belongs to the field of organic photoelectric materials, and particularly relates to a near-
infrared organic photoelectric molecular material based on 3-alkoxy-4-cyano
thiophene as well as a preparation method and application of the near-
infrared organic photoelectric molecular material. A 3-alkoxy-4-cyano
thiophene structure is used for constructing a near-
infrared organic photoelectric
acceptor molecule, alkoxy and a
central unit part form a strong
electron donating conjugation effect, cyano and a
terminal unit form a strong
electron withdrawing conjugation effect, and the
electron donating ability of the alkoxy and the electron accepting ability of the cyano and the
terminal unit can be improved at the same time. Alkoxy and cyano are used for modifying a molecular skeleton structure, so that the
dielectric constant of molecules can be effectively improved, the dissociation of excitons in a photoelectric process is facilitated, and the generation efficiency of free charges is improved. And the film is easily dissolved in common organic solvents, so that a high-quality film can be prepared by a solution spin-
coating method. The absorption spectrum range of the prepared organic photoelectric
molecular film exceeds 1.2 microns, and the organic photoelectric
molecular film shows excellent performance when applied to organic photoelectric detectors.