The invention discloses a road cutting device for construction of roads and bridges. The road cutting device comprises a first base, a mouth-shaped seat, a sliding block, a spring, a support rod, a guide wheel, a water chamber, a water pump, a water pipe, a spray head, a first air duct, an exhaust fan and the like. The road cutting device disclosed by the invention has the advantages of reasonableand simple structure, low production cost, convenience in mounting, no raising of dust during cutting, high cutting speed, time saving and labor saving; a rotating motor drives a driving wheel to move; the water pump pumps water; dust fall is realized by using the spray head; the exhaust fan extracts dust into the water chamber for adsorbing; a fan motor drives a draft fan; the dust enters from asecond exhaust nozzle and is filtered by a filter screen to remove the dust, so that the dust is effectively controlled and raising of the dust is avoided; a gear adjusts the height of a cutting blade; a connecting spring is arranged so as to improve buffer performance; a driving motor drives the cutting blade to cut; a lifting motor drives a lifting seat to adjust the height; a cutting motor drives a rotary cutting blade to cut; high cutting speed, time saving and labor saving are realized.