The invention discloses a preparation method of a NiFeBMo-based opening and closing locker multilayer composite structure material. The NiFeBMo-based opening and closing locker multilayer composite structure material is prepared from NiFeBMo matrix alloy, an anti-wear agent, a heat conduction agent, a reinforcing agent and a curing agent as raw materials through the steps of structural design andcomponent calculation of all layers, matching preparation, vibration mixing, dry hot-press molding, curing heat treatment, overlaying sintering and machining of all layers. The NiFeBMo-based opening and closing locker multilayer composite structure material has the advantages that all layers are different in component and thickness, and the component difference is large; the material shows the gradient distribution trend, the relative use amount of the material is reduced, and the friction and wear performance of the material is remarkably enhanced. Meanwhile, the preparation method is simple,the preparation technology is easy to control, efficiency is high, technological parameters are stable, operation is easy to control, all layers of structures of a prepared opening and closing lockercan be freely divided and repaired, the mechanical performance is stable, and the service life is long.