The invention relates to the technical field of chemical reactors, and discloses a reaction kettle temperature control system. The reaction kettle temperature control system comprises a reaction kettle, a heat exchanger, a steam inlet pipe connected with a gas inlet of the heat exchanger, a first steam return pipe connected with a gas outlet of the heat exchanger, a heat preservation water tank, a temperature control system, and a steam electromagnetic valve, a first three-way reversing electromagnetic valve, a second three-way reversing electromagnetic valve, a first water pump, a second water pump, a first temperature transmitter and a second temperature transmitter connected with the temperature control system; the steam electromagnetic valve is arranged on the steam inlet pipe, the first temperature transmitter is arranged inside the heat preservation water tank, the second temperature transmitter is arranged inside the reaction kettle, a water inlet of the heat exchanger is connected with a cold water outlet of the heat preservation water tank through the first water pump, and the second water pump is located between the heat preservation water tank and the second three-way reversing valve. The temperature of the reaction kettle can be automatically and accurately controlled, the product quality is ensured, and the production efficiency is improved.