The invention relates to a polar region ice layer drilling device, and belongs to the technical field of polar region exploration, and the polar region ice layer drilling device comprises a moving base body which comprises a crawler belt and a
chassis driving device, and the
chassis driving device is used for driving the crawler belt to move; the drilling device comprises a steering mechanism and a
drill bit, and the steering mechanism is used for adjusting the drilling direction of the
drill bit; the drainage control device comprises a sealing tank and a
piston plate, the
piston plate is movably connected into the sealing tank, a
water storage controller used for adjusting the
water volume in the
water storage cavity is arranged in the
water storage cavity, and a gas storage controller used for adjusting the gas volume in the gas storage cavity is arranged in the gas storage cavity; the vector
propeller device comprises a plurality of propellers and a sensing
electric control system, and the sensing
electric control system is used for regulating and controlling the moving postures of the propellers. In the drilling process, drilling work is achieved through rotary
cutting of a
drill bit, if the portion below an ice layer belongs to a
water area, the vector
propeller device can be started to achieve
underwater hovering, positioning and propelling states, and accumulated water can be drained through the drainage control device.