The invention relates to a fast saccharification method for sweet potatoes. The fast saccharification method includes the steps of firstly, sterilizing, to be more specific, cleaning mud on the surface of the sweet potatoes, washing the sweet potatoes with purified water, and spraying Bordeaux mixture diluent with the ratio of copper sulfate to quick lime being 1:(3-5) to the sweet potatoes to sterilize the sweet potatoes; secondly, transplanting an enzyme source, to be more specific, adhering a saccharifying enzyme patch to the tuberous root umbilicus part of each sweet potato; thirdly, performing microwave irradiation, to be more specific, subjecting the sweet potatoes obtained after the second step to microwave irradiation for 0.5-1 minute to activate the saccharifying enzymes; fourthly, performing anaerobic saccharification, to be more specific, transferring the sweet potatoes obtained after the microwave irradiation into a temperature control room, feeding nitrogen into the temperature control room, and subjecting the sweet potatoes to standing in an environment of 25-35 DEG C for 24-48 hours to perform anaerobic saccharification; fifthly, performing low-temperature storage, to be more specific, after the anaerobic saccharification, storing the saccharified sweet potatoes in a low-temperature room of 5-10 DEG C for 5-10 days. The fast saccharification method has the advantages that the microwave irradiation and saccharifying enzyme catalyzing technologies are utilized, the defects that the prior art is low in saccharification efficiency and speed are overcome, the saccharification time of the sweet potatoes is shortened greatly, and the difficulty that the sweet potatoes are prone to rot during saccharification is solved effectively.