The invention discloses a preparation method of a soil improvement agent for preventing and treating maize southern leaf blight, and belongs to the field of soil improvement agents. According to the preparation method, a living cicada pupa is first taken; an opening is scratched at the abdomen of the cicada pupa; afterwards, the cicada pupa is put into honey for soaking; after being soaked, the cicada pupa is aired to obtain a solid culture medium; a paecilomyces lilacinus seed solution is uniformly sprinkled on the surface of the solid culture medium to carry out fermentation culture; an obtained substance is dried and ground until lavender downy fungi fully grow, so as to obtain cicada pupa powder covered with paecilomyces lilacinus; subsequently, a waste crab shell is subjected to acid soaking and alkali soaking respectively; after being rinsed and dried, the waste crab shell is mixed with the cicada pupa powder covered with the paecilomyces lilacinus, ammonium dihydrogen phosphate, milk vetch straw, grass carbon and a tea seed cake, so that the soil improvement agent for preventing and treating the maize southern leaf blight can be obtained. The soil improvement agent prepared and obtained by the preparation method can obviously inhibit the growth of a mycelium of helminthosporium maydis, and greatly decreases the morbidity of the maize southern leaf blight; and compared with a conventional chemical insecticide, the soil improvement agent cannot pollute a crop, does not generate drug resistance and is long in prevention and treatment time.