93 results about "Carbocation" patented technology

Disclosed is a layered structure including a first electrode and a second electrode, a light-emitting layer or a charge separation layer between the first electrode and the second electrode, and a layer containing a conjugated polymer compound between the light-emitting layer or the charge separation layer and the first electrode, wherein the conjugated polymer compound contains a repeating unit selected from the group consisting of a repeating unit represented by formula (1):wherein Ar1 represents a divalent aromatic group, R1 represents a substituent group having a group represented by formula (2), Ar1 may have a substituent group other than R1, and n1 represents an integer of 1 or more;-(R2)c1-(Q1)n2-Y1(M1)a1(Z1)b1  (2)wherein R2 represents a divalent aromatic group which may have a substituent group, Q1 represents a divalent organic group which may have a substituent group, Y1 represents a carbocation, an ammonium cation, a phosphonyl cation or a sulfonyl cation, M1 represents F−, Cl−, Br−, I−, OH−, RaSO3−, RaCOO−, ClO−, ClO2−, ClO3−, ClO4−, SCN−, CN−, NO3−, SO42−, HSO4−, PO43−, HPO42−, H2PO4−, BF4− or PF6−, Z1 represents a metal ion or an ammonium ion which may have a substituent group, c1 represents 0 or 1, n2 represents an integer of 0 or more, provided that n2 is 0 when c1 is 0, a1 represents an integer of 1 or more, b1 represents an integer of 0 or more, a1 and b1 are selected so that the charge of the substituent group represented by formula (2) is 0, Ra represents an alkyl group having 1 to 30 carbon atoms, which may have a substituent group, or an aryl group having 6 to 50 carbon atoms, which may have a substituent group.

This invention relates to an activator composition comprising (i) an organoaluminum compounds; (ii) a carbocation compound of the formula R1 (X)n; wherein R1 is a hydrocarbyl; n is from 1 to the number of possible substitutions of the hydrocarbyl group and each X is a labile leaving group; and (iii) an aluminoxane. The activator composition may also contain a carrier support. This invention also provides a catalyst composition comprising the activator composition described above and a transition metal component. This invention also provides methods of polymerizing monomer comprising carrying out such polymerization in the presence of one or more catalyst composition according to this invention.

The invention relates to an initiating system for preparing high-reaction activity polyisobutene and a copolymer of polyisobutene, which comprises an initiator for initiating the cationic polymerization of an isobutene-containing material, a coinitiator and a compounding ingredient, wherein the coinitiator is FeCl3; the compounding ingredient is an oxygen- or sulfur-containing organic compound; the molar mixing ratio of the FeCl3 and the isobutene raw material ranges from 0.01 to 3.0; the molar mixing ratio of the initiator to the FeCl3 ranges from 0.1 to 2.0; and the molar mixing ratio of the compounding ingredient to the FeCl3 ranges from 0.1 to 3.4. In the invention, the FeCl3 is used as the compounding ingredient to be compounded with the oxygen- or sulfur-containing compounding ingredient to promote a reaction for removing active central carbocations beta-H, thus the high-reaction activity polyisobutene and the copolymer of polyisobutene, which have terminal alpha-double bond content of more than 75mol percent (even over 90 percent) and narrow molecular weight distribution, can be obtained by a one-step method. The process steps are simplified. The production cost is low. Therepeatability is high. The environmental pollution is light. And the industrial application is easy.

The invention discloses a cationic polymerization initiation system and a cationic polymerization method. The cationic polymerization initiation system comprises at least one initiator, at least one Lewis acid and at least one additive. The initiator is a compound capable of providing protons or carbocations, wherein a mole ratio of the initiator to monomers is (5.0*10<-5> to 1.2*10<-2>): 1. The Lewis acid is a metal halide or an organic metal halide, wherein a mole ratio of the Lewis acid to the monomers is (5.0*10<-4> to 4.0*10<-1>): 1. The at least one additive is selected from sulfur-containing organic compounds, phosphorus-containing organic compounds and organic compounds containing sulfur and phosphorus, wherein a mole ratio of the at least one additive to the monomers is (1.0*10<-3> to 5.0*10<-2>): 1. The cationic polymerization initiation system has high activity, a low price and stable properties, is convenient for use, has high polymerization efficiency, and can greatly improve polymerization product molecular weight, wherein weight-average molecular weight of polymerization products obtained at a temperature of -60 DEG C is 1*10<6>.

Provided is a material for organic electronics which can produce an organic electronic element capable of lowering the driving voltage or capable of performing stable driving for a long time. The material for organic electronics contains at least an ionic compound and a compound having a charge transporting unit (hereinafter, referred to as charge transporting compound), and the ionic compound is composed of a counter cation and a counter anion, while the counter cation is any one kind or two or more kinds selected from H+, a carbocation, a nitrogen cation, an oxygen cation, and a cation having a transition metal.

The invention relates to a production method of latamoxef sodium which can be used as an antibacterial drug. The preparation method of latamoxef sodium of the present invention, by S-I compound in organic solvent, removes protecting group under the action of trifluoroacetic acid and carbocation absorbent; Then in alcohol, ketone or ester, add R4CO2Na solution, will The solid is filtered and washed to obtain the crude product of latamoxef sodium; finally, the crude product of latamoxef sodium is dissolved in water, extracted with an organic solvent, decolorized by activated carbon, and freeze-dried in the water phase to obtain latamoxef sodium. The invention provides a brand-new method for synthesizing Latamoxef Sodium from a single-configuration intermediate, directly reacting with sodium carboxylate to obtain the crude Latamoxef Sodium, and the final obtained refined product meets the standards of the Chinese Pharmacopoeia without the need for purification. Adsorption resin purification reduces the amount of purified water, improves production efficiency, reduces energy consumption, reduces equipment investment, and is suitable for industrial production.

The invention relates to a heavy oil visbreaking method based on supercritical water, comprising: mixing heavy oil to supercritical water that is in preset thermodynamic state to form a mixed phase, allowing visbreaking cracking reaction of the heavy oil to be performed in the mixed phase, and through the disperse environment in the mixed phase and ability of the supercritical water to activate aromatic-side-chain olefin-terminated carbocations, performing the visbreaking cracking reaction of the heavy oil selectively toward dealkylation. In the method, the special oil-in-water or pseudo-homogeneous phase structure formed by SCW (supercritical water) and heavy oil is utilized to perform thermal cracking of heavy oil in the SCW. The excellent disperse environment provided by the SCW and the ability of the SCW to activate the aromatic-side-chain olefin-terminated carbocations help achieve the development of thermal cracking of the heavy oil not to condensation but to dealkylation. Efficient visbreaking of the heavy oil can be achieved at relatively low temperature within short retention time, and the broken product is applicable to pipeline transport or marine transport and to further deep processing.

The invention provides a synthetic method for tetra(pentafluorophenyl)borate. The synthetic method comprises the following steps: with pentafluorobromobenzene as a starting raw material, treating pentafluorobromobenzene with organic lithium or a Grignard reagent so as to obtain an intermediate A; reacting the intermediate A with trimethyl borate; and carrying out post-treatment so as to obtain the target product tetra(pentafluorophenyl)borate with a structural formula described in the specification. M+ in the product of the method is any one selected from the group consisting of organic carbocation, organic ammonium ion and alkali metal ion. Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages: usage of tri(pentafluorophenyl)borane sensitive to water and oxygen is avoided; product yield is high; and the method has good process and operation practicality, simple steps and low requirements on equipment and is suitable for industrial production.

The present invention relates to a method for preparing a trans-1,4-disubstituted cyclohexane compound with at least one benzene-derived residue at 1- or 4- position. The method comprises an isomerization step for converting one or a plurality of cis-configured cyclohexane ring to trans configuration in the presence of additional compound which forms carbocations while a strong acid is used.

The invention discloses a non-methane hydrocarbon online detector, comprising a dust removal filter, a dryer, a zero gas generator, a sampling channel I, a change-over valve, a capillary blank pipe, a methane molecular sieve and a hydrogen flame ionization detector. The sampled gas goes through the dust removal filter to remove dust, afterwards, goes through the dryer to remove moisture in a sample gas, and then goes through the zero gas generator to remove acid-base exhaust in a gas to be detected; the gas subjected to pretreatment is led to the sampling channel I and the change-over valve, and reaches the capillary blank pipe and the methane molecular sieve respectively through the transportation of a carrier gas; the methane molecular sieve only allows methane to pass; and the gas to be detected is ionized into carbocations and electrons in the hydrogen flame ionization detector, forms a microcurrent under the action of an electric field, and forms output signals through amplification. Therefore, shortening the test time of non-methane hydrocarbon is achieved, and meanwhile, the accuracy of detection is improved; and the non-methane hydrocarbon online detector further has the advantages that multiple gases can be detected, the structure is simple, the sensitivity is high and the operating cost is low.

A method for production of pivalic acid comprising the steps of: (a) reacting isobutylene, carbon monoxide, and a first catalyst to produce a reaction mixture; (b) contacting the reaction mixture with water, thereby producing a crude acid product having pivalic acid and oligomeric neo-carboxylic acid; (c) separating the pivalic acid and the oligomeric neo-carboxylic acid from the crude acid product; (d) reacting the oligomeric neo-carboxylic acid with a source of carbon monoxide at a temperature of less than 200° C. in the presence of a second catalyst to produce a C5 carbocation product, wherein the first and second catalyst are either the same or different; and (e) reacting the C5 carbocation product with water; thereby producing pivalic acid having an overall yield of at least 80 wt. %.

The invention relates to dibenzo[b, e]azepine compounds prepared from phenyl-2-pyrrolidinyl benzyl alcohol compounds with CSA as a catalyst and DCE as a solvent by reacting for 10 hours at 100 DEG C.The phenyl-2-pyrrolidinyl benzyl alcohol compounds are dehydrated under the acidic condition to generate carbocation, hydrogen on adjacent carbon of the tetrahydropyrrole migrates to the carbocation in a form of hydrogen anion, an imine cation generated in situ is subjected to Friedel-Crafts reaction on another benzene ring, and the dibenzo[b, e]azepine compounds are obtained. The dibenzo[b, e]azepine compounds are constructed with a hydrogen migration / cyclization strategy. The method is simple in process, convenient to operate, low in cost, green and environmentally friendly, and the total yield is high.

The invention discloses a residual oil hydrogenation catalyst. The residual oil hydrogenation catalyst is prepared from the following components in parts by weight: 10-30 parts of monohydrallite, 10-80 parts of gamma-FeOOH and 10-60 parts of activated carbon. According to the application, the residual oil hydrogenation catalyst is prepared from monohydrallite, gamma-FeOOH and activated carbon through mixing, carbocation formed by cracking and H. are in direct contact outside, most of carbocation and H. are reacted to form required oil products, and thus coking caused by a condition that short chain hydrocarbon containing carbocation cannot be timely reacted with H. is inhibited; monohydrallite, gamma-FeOOH and activated carbon are blended in a reasonable mass ratio, so that the probability of coking of the catalyst in a high-temperature high-pressure process is reduced, and the metal removal rate of residual oil is improved; the concept that a carrier of a catalyst in the prior art is loaded with expensive active components such as cobalt and molybdenum is abandoned while cheap natural monohydrallite and gamma-FeOOH are used as raw materials, and thus the preparation cost of the catalyst is greatly reduced.

The invention discloses a preparation method of a halogenated monoolefine-conjugated diene copolymer. The method comprises steps as follows: under the cationic polymerization condition, monoolefine shown in a formula II and conjugated diene shown in a formula III are contacted with components in an initiator system in a mixed solvent of alkane and haloalkane, halogenated alkane in a solution obtained through polymerization is replaced with alkane, besides, after unreacted monomers are removed, a product is contacted with a compound containing halogen for a halogenating reaction, the initiator system contains a compound capable of providing carbocation, lewis acid and an activator, and the activator is selected from a compound shown in the formula I-1 and a compound shown in a formula I-2. By means of the method, the polymerization efficiency can be remarkably improved, and the higher polymer yield is obtained; the polymer with higher molecular weight can also be obtained. By means of the method, the polymer redissolving process required with a slurry polymerization method is omitted, and the production process is simplified.

An apparatus for electroplating which is applicable to the electroplating of workpiece is disclosed. The apparatus includes: an electroplating solution container, a target, an absorbent piece, and a power supply. All the electroplating solution, workpiece, absorbent piece, and target are placed inside the electroplating solution container with at least partial portions of each workpiece, absorbentpiece and target submerged in the electroplating solution. The positive electrode of the power supply is electrically connected to the target while its negative electrode is electrically connected tothe workpiece and absorbent piece simultaneously. When the power supply imposes a current through the circuit, the target releases metal ions into the electroplating solution and metal ions reduce and a metal coating is formed on the workpiece. In the meantime, carbocations in the electroplating solution are adsorbed on the absorbent piece.

The invention relates to a method for the selective C-alkylation in para position of a hydroxyl group of a hydroxylated aromatic compound. The inventive method for the C-alkylation of a hydroxlated aromatic compound having at least one hydrogen atom in para position in relation to the hydroxyl group is characterised by the fact that the compound is placed in the presence of an acid catalyst of formula (I) and a compound leading to the formation of a carbocation in the presence of the acid catalyst. The acid catalyst corresponds to the following formula H-A-[SO2-CpHaXb]n (I) wherein A represents a nitrogen (N) or carbon (C) atom, n is equal to 2 when A is a nitrogen atom, and 3 when A is a carbon atom, X is a halogen atom, p is equal to a number between 1 and 10, b is equal to a number between 3 and 21, and a+b=2p+1.

The invention discloses a method for preparing light-color piperlene petroleum resin. The method comprises the following step: by taking C5 or C6 diolefin and monoolefine obtained from petroleum cracking byproduct separation as reaction monomers, lewis acid aluminum trichloride as a catalyst and tertiary carbon halogenated hydrocarbon as a coinitiator, synthesizing the piperlene petroleum resin in the presence of a carbocation stabilizer electron donor ED, wherein the addition amount of aluminum trichloride is 0.5-3wt%, the addition amount of tertiary carbon halogenated hydrocarbon is 0.05-0.5wt%, and the mole ratio of the addition amount of the electron donor to the tertiary carbon halogenated hydrocarbon is 0.05-1.0. The softening point of the piperlene petroleum resin prepared by using the method is 80-120 DEG C, the hue of the light-color piperlene petroleum resin is smaller than 3.5 (Gardner), the Mz of the light-color piperlene petroleum resin is smaller than 4000, the molecular weight distribution D of the light-color piperlene petroleum resin is smaller than 1.65, and the light-color piperlene petroleum resin is relatively good in compatibility with natural rubber and synthetic rubber SIS, SBS and the like, and has a relatively good tackifying function.

The invention relates to a preparation method for polyisobutylene with high reaction activity, and the method is especially suitable for carbocation polymerization of isobutylene, an alkane mixture of isobutylene or a mixed light C4 fraction containing isobutylene to prepare polyisobutylene with high reaction activity. According to the method, in the presence of an organic compound of alcohol, phenol and / or ether, isobutylene cationic polymerization can be co-initiated by TiCl4 to prepare the polyisobutylene with high reaction activity, and by adjusting the proportion of alcohol, phenol or ether and the counter-ion steric hindrance, the polyisobutylene with high reaction activity can be obtained directly. The method can improve the conversion rate, increase the content of the polyisobutylene chain end alpha-double bond to over 90%, and lower the molecular weight distribution, with the distribution index reaching 1.2, thereby improving the product quality.

Processes for the disproportionation and isomerization of a C7 hydrocarbon feed using a liquid catalyst comprising an ionic liquid and a carbocation promoter are described. The ionic liquid is unsupported, and the reactions occur at temperatures below about 200° C.

The invention discloses a block copolymer and a preparation method thereof. The preparation method comprises: carrying out first contact on an isomonoolefin and each component of an initiator system in a diluent to obtain a middle solution containing polyisomonoolefin, wherein the initiator system contains a compound capable of providing carbocations, titanium tetrachloride, N,N-dimethylacetamideand 2,6-dialkylpyridine, and the lasting time of the first contact is 40-100 min; and carrying out second contact on the middle solution, a monovinyl aromatic hydrocarbon and optionally supplemented 2,6-dialkylpyridine to obtain a product solution containing the block copolymer, wherein the lasting time of the second contact is 80-110 min. With the application of the method of the present invention to prepare the block copolymer, the content of the high molecular weight component in the prepared copolymer can be significantly increased, the prepared block copolymer has high molecular weight and exhibits narrow molecular weight distribution, and no gelation is generated during the preparation.

The invention discloses a preparation method of an adamantanol compound. The preparation method is implemented by reacting an adamantane compound with a sodium perchlorate solution at a reaction temperature of 0-100 DEG C so as to obtain the adamantanol compound. The reaction mechanism of the method is as follows: because the +7 valence chlorine of sodium perchlorate has a strong oxidizing property, and can oxidize tertiary carbons on an adamantane ring so as to form hydroxyl, thereby obtaining the adamantanol compound. By using the method, most of the sodium perchlorate solution can be recycled and reused, therefore, the method is extremely low in cost; produced wastewater is greatly reduced, therefore, the method is suitable for industrialized production; a situation that expensive carbocation resultants and organic nitrile compounds are required when other acids such as sulfuric acid are adopted is avoided, and the application of expensive catalysts is also avoided, therefore, the method is low in cost, high in yield and good in economic benefits; and no emission of pollutants such as chromium and the like which seriously pollute the environment is caused, therefore, the method is environment-friendly. The method disclosed by the invention is extremely low in cost; and produced 'three wastes' are greatly reduced, therefore, the method is suitable for industrial production.

The invention provides a method for preparing high-thermal-stability insoluble sulfur by using an aromatic hydrocarbon end-capping agent containing a carbocation structure; in quenching cooling fluid for producing the insoluble sulfur, the aromatic hydrocarbon end-capping agent providing the carbocation structure is added, long-chain unstable polymerized sulfur formed at high temperature is subjected to an end-capping reaction in a quenching cooling process, and the high-thermal-stability insoluble sulfur is obtained. The 120 DEG C / 15 min thermal stability of the insoluble sulfur produced by the method can reach more than or equal to 50%. No side products are produced, and the method is simple to operate, easy to implement, and suitable for industrialized production.

Halogen-containing polymer compositions comprising a latent mercaptan-containing heat stabilizer composition substantially free from the offensive odor typically associated with mercaptans are protected during processing by the degradation products of the latent (i.e., blocked) mercaptan which include a free mercaptan. Other products of the degradation are believed to include carbocations of the blocking moiety which are stabilized by a molecular structure in which the electron deficiency is shared by several groups. The latent mercaptan may be the sole heat stabilizer additive but the free mercaptan released during processing may also synergize the activity of metal-based heat stabilizers such as metal salts and organometallic stabilizers such as organotin carboxylates and mercaptides in the polymer composition. The odor of primary mercaptan-containing heat stabilizers in halogenated polymer compositions is masked by a small amount of a latent mercaptan. The latent mercaptans also serve as intermediates in the preparation of anti-oxidants, anti-microbial agents, photostabilizers, and primary heat stabilizers. Highly effective heat stabilizers are prepared by the condensation of formaldehyde and a para-phenol and further condensation of the crude product with a mercapto-containing compound.

Processes for the disproportionation and isomerization of a C5 hydrocarbon feed using a liquid catalyst comprising an ionic liquid and a carbocation promoter are described. The ionic liquid is unsupported, and the reactions occur at temperatures below about 200° C.

An object of the present invention is to provide a process, or the like, suitable for the industrialization of effective deprotection reaction without using a toxic solvent as well as to provide a process, or the like, for preparing a water-soluble azole prodrug effectively. The present invention provides a process for preparing a salt represented by Formula (I);(wherein X represents a fluorine atom bonded at position 4 or position 5 of a phenyl group) comprising the steps of:(a) carrying out a deprotection reaction of a compound represented by Formula (II);(wherein X represents a fluorine atom bonded at position 4 or position 5 of a phenyl group)in the presence of a carbocation scavenger.