This invention relates to the field of agricultural technology, specifically to a
mutant Arabidopsis protein and
gene that promotes
chloroplast development, and their applications. The
mutant Arabidopsis protein is the AtMurE
protein in wild-type
Arabidopsis Sig6 factor-deficient mutants, with mutations occurring at positions 89, 97, 106, 125, 126, 130, or 140. The
mutant protein or
gene provided by this invention, when introduced into wild-type Arabidopsis Sig6 factor-deficient mutants, can restore
chlorophyll content and resolve the
cotyledon yellowing problem in wild-type Arabidopsis Sig6 factor-deficient mutants.