40 results about "Glucuronide" patented technology

The application discloses application of total flavones of chrysanthemum morifolium ramat and metabolites thereof in preparation of uric acid-lowering or liver and kidney protecting drugs or health care products. The total flavones of chrysanthemum morifolium ramat contain various flavone compounds. In a hyperuricemia model mouse, the total flavones of chrysanthemum morifolium ramat can significantly reduce blood uric acid level, and has a significant protective effect on liver and kidney, and the effect is achieved by inhibiting the activity and expression of xanthine oxidase and adenosine deaminase in the liver, and regulating the expression of uric acid related transporters in the kidney. Meanwhile, metabolites of the total flavones of chrysanthemum morifolium ramat, luteolin-7-O-glucuronide and apigenin-7-O-glucuronide, can also play a pharmacological role in the mouse body. In vitro experiments and mouse primary hepatocytes further prove that luteolin-7-O-glucuronide and apigenin-7-O-glucuronide have an inhibiting effect on the activity and expression level of xanthine oxidase. The application widens the application range of traditional Chinese medicinal materials, and provides a new direction for development of efficient and low-toxic uric acid-lowering and anti-gout drugs or health care products.

The invention relates to a traditional Chinese medicine composition which comprises more than 1.09 permillage of ephedrine hydrochloride, more than 0.86 permillage of pseudoephedrine hydrochloride, more than 0.17 permillage of peiminine, more than 0.03 permillage of peimine, more than 0.17 permillage of chrysin-7-O-glucuronide, more than 0.002 permillage of glycyrrhetinic acid, more than 11.87 permillage of amygdalin and more than 0.01 permillage of neotuberostemonine. The oral liquid is prepared from more than 2.16 per mill of glycyrrhizic acid, more than 1.97 per mill of oroxylin A, more than 1.97 per mill of oroxylin B, more than 1.23 per mill of liquiritin, more than 0.59 per mill of apiose liquiritin, more than 0.55 per mill of baicalin, more than 0.23 per mill of chlorogenic acid, more than 0.18 per mill of praeruptorin A, more than 0.15 per mill of wild melanosin, more than 0.14 per mill of methyephedrine hydrochloride, more than 0.13 per mill of isoliquiritin, more than 0.13 per mill of neochlorogenic acid and more than 0.13 per mill of cryptochlorogenic acid. The composition is prepared from more than 0.10% of peimine, more than 0.08% of baicalein, more than 0.05% of praeruptorin B, more than 0.04% of praeruptorin C, more than 0.011% of xanthoxylin and more than 0.0006% of formononetin.

The invention relates to the field of traditional Chinese medicines, and discloses a traditional Chinese medicine composition for treating urolithiasis and preparation and application thereof. The traditional Chinese medicine composition is prepared from the following traditional Chinese medicine raw materials and monomers in parts by weight: 10 to 30 parts of endothelium corneum gigeriae galli, 10 to 30 parts of rhizoma phragmitis, 10 to 30 parts of poria cocos, 10 to 20 parts of radix angelicae sinensis, 10 to 20 parts of herba cistanche, 10 to 20 parts of herba cepbalanoplosis segeti, 10 to 15 parts of fructus gardeniae, 5 to 10 parts of liquorice root and 1 to 6 parts of gossypotin 8-O-glucuronide. According to the traditional Chinese medicine theory of clearing heat, treating stranguria, dissolving stone and strengthening body resistance, modern pharmacological research is combined, scientific compatibility is carried out through chemical cutting, the synergistic effects of clearing heat, cooling blood, inducing diuresis, treating stranguria, dissolving stone, relieving pain, tonifying kidney and strengthening body resistance are achieved, the preparation process is efficient and controllable, and clinical application is safe and effective.

The invention discloses a preparation method and application of a quercetin derivative grafted with 5-(4-hydroxybenzyl)-2, 4-thiazolidinedione with a blood sugar reducing function. According to the quercetin-3-O-glucuronide-linked 5-(4-hydroxybenzyl)-2, 4-thiazolidinedione compound disclosed by the invention, the quercetin-3-O-glucuronide-linked 5-(4-hydroxybenzyl)-2, 4-thiazolidinedione compound is prepared by linking quercetin-3-O-glucuronide with 5-(4-hydroxybenzyl)-2, 4-thiazolidinedione, the structural formula of the quercetin-3-O-glucuronide-linked 5-(4-hydroxybenzyl)-2, 4-thiazolidinedione compound is shown as a formula (I), and the quercetin-3-O-glucuronide-linked 5-(4-hydroxybenzyl)-2, 4-thiazolidinedione compound prepared by the invention has the function of reducing blood sugar and can be used for preparing medicines for treating diabetes mellitus.

The invention discloses a keloid treatment gel material capable of reducing lactic acid generation, and belongs to the technical field of keloid treatment. The material is prepared by the following steps: firstly, carrying out esterification on 9-oxabicyclo [3.3. 1] nonane-2, 6-diol and S-allyl-L-cysteine to obtain an intermediate A, and then carrying out Schiff base reaction on the intermediate A and 5-methoxy heliotropin to obtain an intermediate B containing double bonds; then, copolymerizing with methylacryloylated chitosan and polyethylene glycol diacrylate under photo-initiation to form a cross-linked network structure; finally, active ingredients such as quercetin-3-O-glucuronide and luteolin-3 '-glucuronide are included, and auxiliary materials such as a humectant and a preservative are added, so that the composition is prepared. The gel has a slow release function, can effectively inhibit glycolysis, reduce lactic acid generation, scavenge free radicals and regulate inflammation and fibrosis microenvironment, has good biocompatibility and oxidation response drug release characteristics, and is suitable for prevention and treatment of keloids.

This invention discloses a recombinant glucuronide C5 epimerase mutant, expression vector, recombinant expression engineered bacteria, and their culture and induction methods, belonging to the field of biotechnology. The recombinant enzyme sequence is formed by fusing a truncated (N29–N617) mutation (V173R–V197K–A239V–N269E) with an N-terminal maltose-binding protein (MBP) tag to a human glucuronide C5 epimerase (C5-epi). The recombinant glucuronide C5 epimerase mutant exhibits higher activity, 2.1 times that of the recombinant wild-type, and greater stability, retaining 72.5% of its activity after 5 days at room temperature. Furthermore, the soluble expression level of this recombinant mutant glucuronide C5 epimerase is increased by 4-fold.

The present invention relates to a compound selected from nitazoxanide, tizoxanide, tizoxanide glucuronide and pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, for use in a method for the treatment of hepatic impairment.

The invention belongs to the crossing field of traditional Chinese medicine modernization and biotechnology, and particularly relates to application of a metabolic marker in preparation of a product for auxiliary diagnosis of retinal vein occlusion (RVO) or evaluation of prognosis of treatment of RVO by ginseng-wolfberry omentum granules. The metabolic marker is selected from at least one of the following metabolites: leukotriene B4, (R)-2-feruloyl-1-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-1, 2-ethylene glycol, hyoscyamine base A6, 11, 12-epoxyeicosatrienoic acid, 3, 3 ', 4, 4'-tetrahydroxy-5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12-epoxyeicosatrienoic acid, 3, 3 ', 4, 4'-tetrahydroxyl-5, 6, 7, 8, 10-tetrahydroxyl-5, 7, 8, 10 The invention relates to an anti-inflammatory agent which is prepared from 5, 5 '-diisopropyl-2, 2'-dimethyl biphenyl (3, 3 ', 4, 4', 1-ethyl piperidine, flavin mononucleotide, crystal orchid glycoside, 2-O-caffeoyl arbutin, dimethyl ellagic acid glucuronide, 4 '-hydroxy-3, 4, 5-resveratrol trimethyl ether, 3'-methoxy petamicin, phenylalanyl-leucyl-isoleucyl-tyrosine and dihydroferulic acid-4-sulfate.

The invention provides a novel application of quercetin-3-O-beta-D-glucuronide, belongs to the technical field of medicines, and particularly relates to an application of the quercetin-3-O-beta-D-glucuronide in preparation of anti-aging medicines. According to the invention, quercetin-3-O-beta-D-glucuronide is extracted and separated from lotus leaves, and quercetin-3-O-beta-D-glucuronide can obviously prolong the service life of caenorhabditis elegans and has the effect of delaying senescence, so that quercetin-3-O-beta-D-glucuronide has the potential of delaying senescence, and can be used for preparing a medicine for treating caenorhabditis elegans. The traditional Chinese medicine composition can be applied to preparation of anti-aging medicines and also can be applied to preparation of health-care products for delaying aging.

The invention belongs to the field of quantitative analysis of drug concentration of a cell lysis solution, and particularly discloses a method for detecting estradiol 17 beta-D glucuronic acid (Estradil 17-(beta-D-Glucuronide)) in the cell lysis solution. According to the method, the concentration of the estradiol 17 beta-D glucuronic acid in the cell lysis buffer can be accurately quantified through specific sample treatment and liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry conditions, the sensitivity is high, the detection limit is low, a novel method capable of being practically popularized and applied is provided for pharmacokinetic research of the estradiol 17 beta-D glucuronic acid, and the method has popularization and application values.

Compounds comprising a cross-linking moiety and a protecting group are described herein along with their methods of use. The cross-linking moiety may comprise an indoxyl and the protecting group may comprise a sugar (e.g., a glucuronide or glucoside), phosphoester, or sulfoester group. The cross-linking moiety and protecting group may be attached to each other via an oxygen atom, sulfur atom, or linker. In some embodiments, the linker attaching the cross-linking moiety and protecting group is a self-immolative linker. A compound of the present invention may cross-link under physiological conditions and / or in vivo.

The application discloses a kind of high-efficiency interception polyvalent anion and cation nanofiltration membrane and its preparation method and application.The method includes the following preparation process:1) preparation concentration is 0.1-2wt% of apigenin class of substance aqueous solution, and concentration is 0.1-0.5wt% of multi-acid chloride organic phase solution;2) make polymer support membrane in aqueous solution 1-5min, remove the surface excess solution, then immerse into oil phase solution, react 1-15min;3) after reaction, remove the surface excess solution, solidify 5-20min under 60-80 DEG C, obtain the nanofiltration membrane.The application is with apigenin, apigenin-7-o-glucuronide and / or isofraxidin as aqueous monomer, and multi-acid chloride is prepared by interfacial polymerization reaction to obtain negative NF membrane, not only maintain the high interception rate to polyvalent anion, and also have very high interception rate to polyvalent cation, can efficiently permeate monovalent ion, and water flux is larger.

This invention discloses an engineered bacterial strain for producing xylitol using glucose as the sole carbon source, its construction method, and its applications, belonging to the field of genetic engineering. Using *Escherichia coli* as the starting strain, this invention optimizes the metabolic pathway by knocking out the 2-keto-3-deoxy-6-phosphate glucuronide gene (eda), knocking out the 6-phosphoglucuronide dehydratase gene (edd), and weakening the glucose phosphoisomerase gene (pgi), thus concentrating the carbon flow in the pentose phosphate pathway. Furthermore, it optimizes the metabolic pathway by knocking out or overexpressing endogenous genes such as the ribulokinase gene (araB). Subsequently, the synthesis of xylitol from glucose was experimentally tested by expressing a recombinant expression plasmid containing 2-arabinol dehydrogenase, 4-arabinol dehydrogenase, and xylitol dehydrogenase. This invention, through optimized metabolic pathways, efficiently converts glucose to xylitol without the need for glycerol addition, and significantly increases the yields of both the precursor arabinol and the product xylitol, demonstrating promising production prospects.

A use of phenyl-β-D-glucuronide in preparation of a drug for induced exhalation detection of cancer. The phenyl-β-D-glucuronide is present in natural organisms, is verified to have no toxic or side ef

The invention relates to a preparation method of high-purity acacetin-7-O-glucuronide, which comprises the following steps of: crushing dry branches and leaves of a verbenaceae plant millettian tree, performing reflux extraction by using a 60-80% methanol solution, combining extracting solutions, and concentrating to obtain an extract; carrying out gel column chromatography on the extract, carrying out gradient elution by using a methanol-water system, detecting by using thin-layer chromatography (TLC), collecting eluent containing acacetin-7-O-glucuronide, merging, and concentrating under reduced pressure to obtain crude fraction of acacetin-7-O-glucuronide. And separating and purifying by using preparative high performance liquid chromatography (PHPLC), and detecting each part of collected eluent by using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) to obtain the acacetin-7-O-glucuronide component with the purity of more than 98%. And carrying out TLC and HPLC purity detection and content determination on the obtained product, and establishing a quality control method. The process is simple and reasonable in design, high in separation speed, short in production period, high in product purity, controllable in quality and suitable for industrial production.

The invention discloses a method for synthesizing a pevitide key intermediate, and relates to the technical field of medicine synthesis. The specific preparation method comprises the following steps: firstly, reacting 2, 3, 4, 6-tetraacetoxy-alpha-D-glucopyranose bromide with 18-hydroxy tert-butyl octadecanoate under the action of a catalyst to generate a glycoside intermediate, and carrying out alkaline hydrolysis on the glycoside intermediate to remove an acetyl protecting group, so as to obtain the 2, 3, 4, 6-tetraacetoxy-alpha-D-glucopyranose. And finally, carrying out oxidation reaction and purification to obtain a target product 18-([beta-D-glucuronic acid-1-yl] oxy) tert-butyl octadecanoate, namely the pevitide key intermediate. According to the preparation method disclosed by the invention, the pevitide key intermediate with relatively high yield and purity can be finally obtained, and the preparation method is simple to operate and has a good application prospect.

Methods and consumer products for detecting a metabolite, the method comprising: testing a urine sample from a subject for a metabolite selected from the group consisting of ascorbate, dehydroascorbate, CEHC-sulfate, CEHC-taurine, CEHC-glucronide, pantoate, 5-amino valerate, galactonate, phenylacetylalanine, methylcatecholsulfate, phenylacetylglutamine, carboxysuccinate, carboxyethylvaline, arabinose, threonate, methylcrotonylglycine, glucuronate, carboxyethylisoleucine, glycoursodeoxycholate, leucylalanine, lithocholatesulfate, allo-threonine, cholic, glucuronide and combinations thereof; and producing a metabolic profile for the metabolite.

This invention relates to the field of pharmaceutical and chemical intermediates technology, and discloses a novel class of substituted phenylethyl-O-β-D-glucuronide compounds. These compounds are generated using substituted phenylethanol as a substrate and 1-fluoro-D-glucuronic acid as a glycosyl donor, catalyzed by β-glucuronyltransferase derived from *E. coli*. The process yield can reach over 95%, and the reaction conditions are mild and environmentally friendly. Substituted phenylethyl-O-β-D-glucuronide can be efficiently used for the determination of β-glucuronidase activity, and its applications are wide-ranging and reliable. The product can meet the needs of pharmaceutical, food, and other fields for β-glucuronidase activity control. It can be used for enzyme activity detection in the auxiliary diagnosis of clinical diseases, and also for enzyme quality control in fruit juice clarification processes in the food industry, drug precursor activation, and glycan structure analysis in the biopharmaceutical field. The product structure has been verified to be accurate by mass spectrometry and 1H NMR spectroscopy, and enzymatic hydrolysis experiments have confirmed its reliable application.

Disclosed in the present invention is a composition for preventing, alleviating or treating periodontitis, the composition containing, as an active ingredient, a potentilla chinensis extract, apigenin-7-O-β-glucuronide, or a sitologically acceptable salt thereof. The present invention inhibits the mRNA expression of COX-2, IL-6, and MMP-3 and reduces the CEJ-ABC distance, thus suppressing inflammation, protecting the periodontium, and mitigating bone loss. Therefore, the present invention has the effects of preventing, alleviating or treating periodontitis.

This invention belongs to the field of biotechnology, specifically relating to the GmSGT2 gene and its mutants related to plant height and branching development, and their applications. Specifically, this invention obtains a soybean mutant with fewer branches and reduced plant height through EMS mutagenesis, and locates the target gene as the GmSGT2 gene of soybean variety 'He Dou 12' using map-based cloning technology. Searching reveals that this gene encodes soybean saponin B glucuronide galactosyltransferase, which can galactosylate soybean saponin B monoglucuronide, thus affecting soybean plant height and reducing branching. Therefore, the gmsgt2 mutant can be used to breed dwarf, high-yielding soybean varieties, which is of profound significance in breeding ideal soybean plant architecture and research on important agronomic traits. It has broad application prospects and high research value for understanding the regulation mechanism of soybean plant height and branching, improving the soybean breeding process, and can provide excellent germplasm resources for regulating soybean dense planting and high-yield breeding.

The application discloses a combined biomarker combination and evaluation model for evaluating chronic low-grade inflammation of polycystic ovary syndrome, and belongs to the technical field of biomarkers. The combined biomarker combination comprises inflammation-related proteins and metabolites; the inflammation-related proteins comprise FURIN, CCL3, CCL8, CD38, NOS2, NOS3, IL18R1 and HGF; and the metabolites comprise lithocholic acid-3-O-glucuronide and taurine. The application provides a combined biomarker combination for diagnosing and evaluating the chronic inflammation state of polycystic ovary syndrome and an application method thereof. By jointly detecting specific inflammatory proteins and metabolites, the systemic chronic inflammation load of PCOS patients is quantitatively evaluated, and the combined biomarker combination has the beneficial effects of high stability, accurate discrimination, wide applicability and easy clinical transformation, and solves the problem that there is no objective evaluation method for the chronic inflammation state of PCOS.

This invention belongs to the field of biomedical technology, specifically relating to the application of metabolic markers in the preparation of products for diagnosing abdominal aortic aneurysms. The metabolic markers include 5-δ-hydroxybutylhydantoin, 1-α-amino acid, and PGF. 2α The present invention provides one or more of the following metabolites: D-pyroglutamic acid, nicotinic glucuronide, cysteine ​​glutathione disulfide, or Trp-P-1. Experiments have confirmed that the seven metabolites, alone or in combination, have good specificity and sensitivity as metabolic markers for diagnosing abdominal aortic aneurysms.

The invention provides a traditional Chinese medicine composition with a hypoglycemic effect, the traditional Chinese medicine composition is prepared from traditional Chinese medicinal materials of cyclocarya paliurus and gynostemma pentaphyllum according to specific parts by weight, and the traditional Chinese medicine composition contains the following effective components: rutin, scutellarin, chlorogenic acid, kaempferol, quercetin-3-glucuronide, cryptochlorogenic acid, kaempferol-3-O-rutinoside and thesium chinense element I. The traditional Chinese medicine composition has the hypoglycemic effect. The invention further provides a preparation, a preparation method and application of the traditional Chinese medicine composition.

The invention relates to a traditional Chinese medicine composition which is prepared from active ingredients extracted from 1-3 parts of roasted ephedra, 1-10 parts of semen armeniacae amarae, 1-6 parts of platycodon grandiflorum, 1-6 parts of radix peucedani, 1-6 parts of thunberg fritillary bulb, 1-6 parts of radix stemonae, 1-3 parts of oroxylum indicum, 1-10 parts of radix glehniae and 1-3 parts of liquorice in percentage by mass as follows: more than 1.09% o of ephedrine hydrochloride, more than 0.86% o of pseudoephedrine hydrochloride and the balance of water. The traditional Chinese medicine composition is prepared from more than 0.17 per mill of peiminine, more than 0.03 per mill of peimine, more than 0.17 per mill of chrysin-7-O-glucuronide, more than 0.002 per mill of glycyrrhetinic acid, more than 11.87 per mill of amygdalin and more than 0.01 per mill of neotuberostemonine.

The application discloses a scar treatment gel material capable of reducing lactic acid generation, and belongs to the technical field of scar treatment. The material is prepared by the following steps: first, an intermediate A is obtained by esterification of 9-oxabicyclo[3.3.1]nonane-2,6-diol and S-allyl-L-cysteine, then an intermediate B containing a double bond is prepared by Schiff base reaction of the intermediate A and 5-methoxy-piperonal; then, the intermediate B is copolymerized with methacrylated chitosan and polyethylene glycol diacrylate under light initiation to form a crosslinked network structure; finally, active ingredients such as quercetin-3-O-glucuronide and luteolin-3'-glucuronide are included, and moisturizing agents, preservatives and other auxiliary materials are added to prepare the gel. The gel has a slow-release function, can effectively inhibit glycolysis, reduce lactic acid generation, scavenge free radicals, regulate the inflammatory and fibrotic microenvironment, has good biocompatibility and oxidation response drug release characteristics, and is suitable for the prevention and treatment of scars.

The invention provides a novel application of quercetin-3-O-beta-D-glucuronide, belongs to the technical field of medicines, and particularly relates to an application of the quercetin-3-O-beta-D-glucuronide in preparation of medicines for treating Alzheimer's disease. According to the application, quercetin-3-O-beta-D-glucuronide is extracted and separated from lotus leaves, and the quercetin-3-O-beta-D-glucuronide can be used for remarkably inhibiting the expression of beta-amyloid protein, so that the quercetin-3-O-beta-D-glucuronide has a remarkable treatment effect on a caenorhabditis elegans Alzheimer's disease pathological model; the quercetin-3-O-beta-D-glucuronide has the potential of treating the Alzheimer's disease, can be applied to preparation of the medicine for treating the Alzheimer's disease, and can also be applied to preparation of health care products for prevention and adjuvant therapy of the Alzheimer's disease.

This invention discloses a novel use of M1 (Leonurus glucuronide, ZYZ-488), the main glucuronide conjugate metabolite of leonurine, in the preparation of drugs for preventing and treating endometrial damage and / or intrauterine adhesions caused by mechanical curettage. M1 promotes endometrial regeneration, remodeling, and restoration of endocrine function by increasing serum prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) and / or leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF) levels, while simultaneously restoring serum estradiol (E2) and / or progesterone (P4) levels to normal physiological ranges. It also significantly increases endometrial thickness, the number and regular arrangement of glands, improves stroma density, and enhances tissue morphology remodeling. This invention overcomes the technical bias that Phase II metabolites are typically considered inactivated forms, as well as the thrombotic risks of existing estrogen drugs (EVs) and the strong irritation and insufficient long-term protection of the parent compound SCM-198. It provides a safe, mild, stable, and suitable oral formulation for long-term use, offering a novel and effective drug option for the prevention and treatment of clinical endometrial damage and intrauterine adhesions.

This invention relates to a crosslinking agent for improving the thermal stability of amino substrates and its application. The crosslinking agent for improving the thermal stability of amino substrates is one or more of glucuronic acid, galacturonic acid, glucuronide, methyl glucuronide, and methyl galacturonide. It improves substrate performance by reacting with the amino substrate through Maillard reactions or amidation reactions via its contained active aldehyde, carboxyl, or ester groups. This crosslinking agent exhibits significant crosslinking effect, good biocompatibility, and high permeability.

This invention discloses a probiotic sustained-release microsphere for the gastrointestinal tract and its preparation method, belonging to the field of microbial preparation technology. The microsphere has a multi-layered structure, consisting of, from the inside out: a core layer containing probiotics, juglone-7-O-β-D-glucuronide, and γ-polyglutamic acid; an inner wall layer composed of calcium alginate-low methoxy pectin gel; and an outer adhesion layer formed by alternating assembly of cysteine-modified chitosan and fucoidan. In preparation, a core material mixture and a composite wall material solution are first mixed to form an embedding solution, which is then electrostatically sprayed to solidify into primary gel microspheres. These microspheres are then sequentially immersed and coated with cysteine-modified chitosan solution and fucoidan solution, and dried to obtain the final product. The microspheres of this invention effectively protect probiotics from damage caused by gastric acid and a simulated digestive environment, achieving sustained-release, significantly improving the freeze-dried survival rate of probiotics, and contributing to enhanced intestinal adhesion potential and local retention capacity. They are suitable for products regulating gastrointestinal function.

The invention provides a high-efficiency corrosion-inhibition post-CMP cleaning solution and a preparation method and application thereof. The high-efficiency corrosion-inhibition post-CMP cleaning solution comprises the following components in parts by weight: 1-10 parts of a flavonoid structure modified derivative; 1-10 parts of an organic base; 2-8 parts of a corrosion inhibitor; 20-30 parts of an organic solvent; and 45-70 parts of ultrapure water. The flavonoid structure modified derivative is one or more of quercetin 3-glucuronic acid, xanthohumol and 8-isopentenyl naringenin, and the flavonoid structure modified derivative is one or more of quercetin 3-glucuronic acid, xanthohumol and 8-isopentenyl naringenin; the organic alkali is alkaloid; and the corrosion inhibitor is monoterpene glycoside. The invention further discloses a preparation method and application of the efficient corrosion inhibition CMP post-cleaning fluid. The efficient corrosion-inhibition post-CMP cleaning solution has the characteristics of efficient corrosion inhibition and low residue, and can be widely applied to the fields of semiconductor manufacturing, microelectronics and photoelectrons.