The invention discloses a preparation method of a metal surface microstructure with abrasion resistance and hydrophobicity. The method comprises the steps that 1, stainless steel to be treated is subjected to ultrasonic cleaning, surface pollutants are removed, drying is carried out, and the clean stainless steel surface is obtained; 2, mapping software is used for doing microstructure two-dimension design drawing, and a graphic file is guided into picosecond laser machining system galvanometer control software; and 3, a picosecond laser machining system is adopted for carrying out laser scanning machining treatment on the stainless steel surface obtained in the step 1 according to the machining graph guided in the step 2, and the stainless steel surface with the specific form microstructure is prepared. Picosecond pulse laser adopted in the method has typical ultra-short pulse width and ultra-high peak power characteristic, the defects of heat effects and the like caused easily by long pulse laser machining can be avoided, compared with femtosecond laser, the machining cost is low, the machining efficiency is high, the surface friction coefficient of the prepared stainless steel microstructure is reduced remarkably, the abrasion resistance is improved, the contact angle to water is increased remarkably, and hydrophobicity is improved.