539 results about "Mass transfer coefficient" patented technology

There is provided a means for uniformly controlling the in-plane temperature of a semiconductor wafer at high speed in a high heat input etching process. A refrigerant channel structure in a circular shape is formed in a sample stage. Due to a fact that a heat transfer coefficient of a refrigerant is largely changed from a refrigerant supply port to a refrigerant outlet port, the cross sections of the channel structure is structured so as to be increased from a first channel areas towards a second channel areas in order to make the heat transfer coefficient of the refrigerant constant in the refrigerant channel structure. Thereby, the heat transfer coefficient of the refrigerant is prevented from increasing by reducing the flow rate of the refrigerant at a dry degree area where the heat transfer coefficient of the refrigerant is increased. Further, the cross section of the channel structure is structured so as to be reduced from the second channel areas towards a third channel areas, and thereby the heat transfer coefficient of the refrigerant is prevented from decreasing. Accordingly, the heat transfer coefficient of the refrigerant can be uniformed in the channel structure.

An airfoil insert comprises an insert wall, a contact element and a flow director. The insert wall defines an interior extending inside the insert wall from a first end to second end, and an exterior extending outside the insert wall from the first end to the second end. The contact element is formed on the exterior of the insert wall. The flow director is formed on the insert wall at a boundary between the interior and the exterior. The flow director increases a heat transfer coefficient of convective flow along the insert wall by directing the convective flow to the exterior of the insert wall.

PSA process for oxygen production comprising (a) providing an adsorber having a first layer of adsorbent selective for water and a second layer of adsorbent selective for nitrogen, wherein the heat of adsorption of water on the adsorbent in the first layer is equal to or less than about 14 kcal/mole at water loadings less than about 0.05 mmol per gram; (b) passing a feed gas comprising at least oxygen, nitrogen, and water successively through the first and second layers, adsorbing water in the first layer of adsorbent, and adsorbing nitrogen in the second layer of adsorbent, wherein the mass transfer coefficient of water in the first layer is in the range of about 125 to about 400 sec⁻¹ and the superficial contact time of the feed gas in the first layer is between about 0.08 and about 0.50 sec; and (c) withdrawing a product enriched in oxygen from the adsorber.

The present invention is related to hemodialysis, and more particularly, to a dialyser with improved efficiency of mass transfer across a dialysis membrane utilizing microchannel separation provided in accordance with embodiments of the present invention. In accordance with an embodiment, a dialyzer is provided comprising a plurality of semipermeable membrane sheets and a plurality of flow separators. The membrane sheets and flow are arranged in alternating configuration and coupled into a laminae stack defining a plurality of parallel microchannel layers. Each microchannel layer comprises a plurality of first microchannels and a plurality of second microchannels. The first and second microchannels of each microchannel layer are in fluid communication with each other via one of the plurality of membrane sheets therebetween. The MECS dialyzer is characterized as having a high surface to volume ratio and a high mass transfer coefficient.

The invention discloses a modeling method for a mass transfer rate structure-effect regulating model of a micro-interface enhanced reactor. Rigorous theoretical derivation is adopted for respectively establishing a gas-side mass transfer coefficient calculation model and a liquid-side mass transfer coefficient calculation model. The mass transfer rate structure-effect regulating model established according to the modeling method disclosed by the invention can be adopted for directly viewing the relationship between the mass transfer rate and the bubble size and a theoretical basis is established for researching a micro-interface system, so that the target of acquiring the maximum energy efficiency and physical effect in the reaction process can be achieved in the manner of regulating structure parameter and operation parameter or an efficient reactor structure is designed under the conditions of given reaction target (task), energy consumption and material consumption.

The invention proposes a mass Micro LED transfer method and a mass transfer device. The method comprises a step of providing Micro LED chips, wherein the cross-sectional shapes of first Micro LED chips capable of emitting a first color is different from the cross-sectional shapes of second Micro LED chips capable of emitting a second color, a step of dumping the Micro LED chips on a loading surface of a loading mold at one time, wherein the loading surface is provided with loading slots with first shapes matched with the shapes of the first Micro LED chips and second shapes matched with the shapes of the second Micro LED chips, and a step of vibrating the loading mold and allowing the Micro LED chips to fall into the matched loading slots, and tilting the loading mold such that Micro LED chips that do not fall into the loading slots leave the loading surface. The mass transfer method proposed by the invention can realize the mass transfer process of a plurality of Micro LED chips withdifferent colors at one time, and the high transfer yield can be ensured while the transfer efficiency is multiplied.

The invention discloses a micro-interface enhancement reactor reaction rate structure-activity regulation and control model modeling method. Based on the Levenspiel theory, a reaction rate structure-activity model suitable for a micro-interface enhancement reactor is constructed. According to the invention, the reaction rate structure-activity regulation and control model constructed through the method can intuitively make out the effects of the bubble diameter, gas-liquid mass transfer coefficients, the mass transfer resistance and the like on the reaction rate; the bubble diameter of a reaction system, the reaction efficiency (energy efficiency and material efficiency), the physical and chemical properties of the system, micro-interface characteristics, mass transfer characteristics andthe reactor structure are correlated through a mathematic method; the energy efficiency and material efficiency of a reaction process are maximized by adjusting structural parameters and operating parameters; and alternatively, a reaction target (mission), energy consumption and material consumption are given, the efficient reactor structure is designed.

The invention relates to the technical field of gas separation membranes, and discloses a preparation method of a high-hydrophobicity polyvinylidene fluoride hollow fiber membrane. The preparation method of the high-hydrophobicity polyvinylidene fluoride hollow fiber membrane is characterized by comprising the following steps: preparation of a polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) membrane casting solution, a spinning process of the polyvinylidene fluoride hollow fiber membrane, curing and film forming processes, hydrophobic modification of the polyvinylidene fluoride membrane, and preparation of a finished product. The PVDF hydrophobic membrane gives consideration to both PDVF and excellent performance of the favorable wetting resistance, has a relatively good air flux, is greatly improved in air flux, mass transfer coefficient and the like in comparison with an existing hydrophobic membrane material, and is simple in preparation technique, low in cost and easy for realizing scale production. The preparation method of the high-hydrophobicity polyvinylidene fluoride hollow fiber membrane is applicable to a membrane for absorbing and capturing carbon dioxide in a coal-fired flue gas.

The present invention allows biomass and/or biomass-produced components to be obtained at high yields by executing numeric simulation of flow to reasonably identify the running conditions suitable for a fermenter. The control device according to the present invention comprises an input means for entering measured data from a measurement means, which measures nutrient components, the concentrations of oxygen, carbon dioxide, and biomass in a culture medium; a computation means for calculating nutrient components uptake rate, oxygen uptake rate and carbon dioxide exhaust rate per unit amount of biomass from the measured data entered at the aforementioned input means, as well as volumetric mass transfer coefficient kLa from turbulent energy k and a turbulent energy dissipation rate e, both of which are calculated by a transport equation, as well as a diffusion coefficient D, followed by calculating the concentrations of the nutrient components, dissolved oxygen, and dissolved carbon dioxide in any area in the fermenter using an algorithm to numerically integrate a differential equation describing variations in medium components over time from the calculated nutrient components uptake rate, the calculated oxygen uptake rate, the calculated carbon dioxide exhaust rate, and the calculated volumetric mass transfer coefficient kLa; and a display means for displaying concentration distributions of the nutrient components, dissolved oxygen, and dissolved carbon dioxide in the fermenter based on the concentrations of the nutrient components, dissolved oxygen, and carbon dioxide in any area of the fermenter calculated at aforementioned computation means.

The invention provides a fluidized bed reactor. A fine particle catalyst makes a suspension motion under the effect of the ascending reaction gas air steam, the solid particles flip up and down dramatically to fully mixing the reaction gas air together with the particles in a bed layer and avoid the 'hot spot' in a stationary bed reactor, the temperature distribution inside the bed layer is uniform, a laminar boundary layer nearby a heat transfer surface is damaged to improve the heat transfer coefficient, large amount of heat generated by catalytic reactions such as methane synthesis is removed through a raw gas in a heat exchange tube so as to reduce the temperature of a catalyst bed layer, make the temperature distribution of the bed layer more uniform, improve the conversion rate of the raw gas, and enhance the production capability of the reactor. The reactor has the advantages of reasonable structure, uniform bed layer temperature, reduced bed layer pressure, high efficiency for heat transfer and mass transfer and strong reaction capability.

The invention relates to a revolving scraper evaporator, particularly, a concentrate equipment for diluting materiel utilizing the mechanism of vacuum, heating and forced film-forming, and relates to the field of machining technology. The electric machine and the driving system jointly fix on the machine foundation, the separator mounted in the separating bowl fix on the principal axis where the distributor fixes, the movable scraper mounted on the rack of the scraper which mounts on the principal axis, and the side of the movable scraper is adjacent to the wall of the inner tube of vaporizing segment which mounts in the jacket. The invention has a big heat transfer coefficient, a short over current time and a big operating flexibility. The invention has a big intensity of evaporation, a low energy sources and operating cost, and a stable product quality. The invention adapts for evaporation, concentration, deoxygenation, and exsolution distilling purification for the heat-sensitive material, high viscosity material and easily crystallizing material with granules. The invention has an extensive use in the product of chemical engineering, petrochemical industry, medicine, agriculture chemicals, nature plant distill, biochemistry, daily chemical, food, fine chemical, and so on.

The invention discloses a spiral coil type diffusion dialysis membrane assembly and a preparation method thereof. The spiral coil type diffusion dialysis membrane assembly is characterized in that an ion exchange membrane is clamped between two central tubes, runner screens on two sides mutually and tightly adhere for surrounding the central tubes to coil together according to same direction and are stuck on the axial edge to be sealed into a cylinder; the tail end of the ion exchange membrane forms two tangential runner openings which are radially symmetrical on the outer edge of the cylinder, and a side flow tube is sticked, sealed and fixed respectively by two openings; then the whole cylinder including the side flow tube is tightly wound and fixed by a plastic membrane to form a membrane core, the membrane core is put into a cylindrical shell, and two tips are cast and fixed by adhesive to form the spiral coil type diffusion dialysis membrane assembly with four inlet and outlet adapters. The equipment is compact, has big packing density, can be vertically assembled to occupy small space, can realize the radial spiral counter flow of diffusion liquid and dialysate flow, has big turbulence degree, high mass transfer efficiency and large feed liquid treatment capacity on unit membrane area and is easy to integrate with other reaction or separation equipment.

The invention discloses a manufacturing method of a vacuum heat insulation plate core material, which specifically comprises the steps that: glass fiber cotton which is manufactured through a centrifugation method and a flame method is pulped, diluted, applied onto a mesh, dewatered and formed, rolled and formed, dewatered in vacuum negative pressure, dried, cooled and cut. According to the invention, the glass fiber cotton which is manufactured through the 30 percent centrifugation method and the glass fiber cotton which is manufactured through the 70 percent flame method serve as the raw material of the vacuum heat insulation plate core material, the heat transfer coefficient of the manufactured vacuum heat insulation plate core material is 0.0025W/m.k to 0.004 W/m.k, the heat insulation coefficient of the heat insulation plate is 0.0005 W/m.k higher than that of the vacuum heat insulation plate core material which adopts the glass fiber cotton manufactured through the 100 percent flame method as the raw material, so that the impact on the heat insulation effect is small, and the manufacturing cost of the vacuum heat insulation plate core material is greatly saved; and the thickness of the core material is 0.5mm to 8mm, and the thickness difference from that of the vacuum heat insulation plate core material which adopts the glass fiber cotton manufactured through the 100 percent flame method as the raw material is not big.

The invention relates to an on-site detection device and a detection method for heat transfer coefficients of building enclosure structures. The device comprises a temperature difference producing device arranged on a to-be-detected enclosure structure, as well as a data acquisition device for testing and receiving temperature and heat flow of the inner and outer sides of the to-be-detected enclosure structure. The device is characterized in that the temperature difference producing device is arranged in a bucket-shaped shell; the shell and the to-be-detected enclosure structure form a cylindrical cavity; a fan used for forced convection is arranged in the shell; and the temperature difference producing device comprises heating equipment and refrigeration equipment. The detection device provided by the invention enables heat to be capable of one-dimensional conduction, thereby greatly reducing measurement errors. The device used for on-site detection has the advantages of convenient installation and use, as well as testing time free from seasonal limit.

The invention relates to a stable gas membrane used for removing, recovering, and gathering ammonia or organic amine from dosage liquor or wastewater. The gas membrane comprises a membrane shell, hollow fibrous membranes (A) and hollow fibrous membranes (B). A cavity is provided in the middle of the membrane shell. An inlet and an outlet are respectively arranged on each of the two ends of the membrane shell. The hollow fibrous membranes (A) and the hollow fibrous membranes (B) are positioned in the cavity of the membrane shell. A shell pass outlet communicating with the atmosphere is arranged on a lower end of the membrane shell. The hollow fibrous membranes (A) and the hollow fibrous membranes (B) are uniformly arranged in the membrane shell with regular spaces. Dosage liquor or wastewater containing ammonia or organic amine is delivered through the tube pass of the hollow fibrous membranes (A), and absorption liquid is delivered through the tube pass of the hollow fibrous membranes(B). With the gas membrane provided by the invention, problems of traditional gas membranes of leakage and low service life are overcome; dilution of a byproduct ammonium salt solution caused by a concomitant osmotic distillation phenomenon can be effectively inhibited; ammonium salt concentration of the byproduct ammonium salt solution can be increased from 10-20% to 20-40%; mass transfer coefficient at the acid absorption liquid side can be substantially improved; the ammonia removing efficiency is high; the ammonia removing effect is stable for a long-term; and the service life of membranesets can be improved by 3-10 times than common gas membranes.

The invention relates to a rotary flash drying system which is provided with an air filter, an air blower, an air heater, a rotary flash drying tower, a cyclone separator, a sack dust collector, an air preheater, a steam general supplying pipe and a steam general back pipe; the system preheats suction air through a plate-type heat exchanger by utilizing high-temperature tail gas through the system; an alluminum fin steam heat exchanger pipe with a high heat transfer coefficient is adopted for the air heater, and after the air surrounding the alluminum fin heat exchanging pipe positioned at a second unit is heated through the alluminum fin heat exchanging pipe of the second unit, the steam changes into high-temperature condensate water; the alluminum fin heat exchanging pipe of a first unit is heated by utilizing the high-temperature condensate water, the use amount of the fresh steam is reduced, steam consumption amount is estimated to be saved by about 5%-8%, and the system has an obvious energy saving effect; and the system is especially suitable for the drying of viscous materials.

A method and battery system for thermal management of a battery system includes predicting a total heat generation by a battery based on determined internal conditions of the battery, and controlling a selective adjusting of a heat transfer coefficient for the battery based on the predicted total heat generation to maintain an operating temperature of the battery at a target temperature or within a target temperature range.

The invention discloses a multistage-absorption-type rotating packed bed, comprising a cylindrical shell, wherein a rotating shaft is vertically arranged in the center of the cylindrical shell and is connected with a motor, and gaps are reserved between the outer circumferences of plane meshed plate filler groups and the inner wall of the shell; the rotating shaft is of a hollow structure, and a liquid inlet is arranged at the upper end of the rotating shaft; the primary plane meshed plate filler group is fixed at the upper end of the rotating shaft, the secondary plane meshed plate filler group is arranged below the primary plane meshed plate filler group and is located at the outer side of a tank wall of a central distribution tank which is fixed on the rotating shaft, and small holes are distributed on the rotating shaft on which the primary plane meshed plate filler group is arranged; a liquid collecting groove used for collecting liquid flowing downwards from a higher stage of plane meshed plate is arranged between every two stages of plane meshed plate filler groups, flow guide pipes are arranged on the grooves, and the liquid outlets of the flow guide pipes are over against the distribution tanks below the flow guide pipes; and a rotary demister is further fixed on the rotating shaft above the primary plane meshed plate filler group. The rotating packed bed can obtain higher heat transfer and mass transfer coefficients and higher dust collection efficiency under the condition of lower liquid-gas ratio.

A method for measuring the effects of fouling of heat transfer tubes in heat exchangers where a cooling fluid at lower temperature is removing heat from another fluid at higher temperature includes placing a nonrestrictive mass flow rate and temperature measuring tube extension sensor on a tube outlet end; obtaining the tube inlet temperature for deriving the rise in fluid temperature; analytically computing the amount of heat transferred from the hot fluid to the cold fluid; from tube length, inside and outside tube diameter, analytically deriving the tube heat transfer coefficient; and determining tube fouling factor, the value of which is the fraction of the clean tube heat transfer coefficient available for transferring heat, by dividing the heat transfer coefficient by the known heat transfer coefficient of an unfouled tube.

The invention provides a reactor body and a multifunctional airlift tube photobioreactor. The reactor body, namely a reaction device, comprises two or more transparent perpendicular pipelines arranged side by side, and connecting tubes or connecting grooves communicated with the tops and the bottoms of the perpendicular pipelines respectively. The photobioreactor comprises the reactor body, a ventilation system and an optional parameter detection and control system. The invention further provides a microalgae culture method which comprises the step that the reactor body or the photobioreactor is used for carrying out photoautotrophic culture, photoinduction culture and mixotrophic nutrition culture of the microalgae. The multifunctional airlift tube photobioreactor has the advantages of being large in illumination specific surface area, high in gas-liquid mass transfer coefficient, small in fluid shear force and the like; engineering enlargement, cleaning and maintenance are easy, operation is convenient, high-density, high-efficiency and large-scale photoautotrophic culture, photoinduction culture and mixotrophic nutrition culture of the microalgae can be achieved, high-efficiency culture of photosynthetic bacteria can also be achieved, and meanwhile the multifunctional airlift tube photobioreactor can be used for microalgae carbon sequestration and wastewater treatment.