33 results about "Membrane transport" patented technology

The invention provides an organic molecule cytoplasm delivery carrier as well as a preparation method and application thereof, the compound for cytoplasm delivery has the characteristic of fat-soluble aggregation, and can form electrostatic adsorption with small molecule protein goods such as RNase A (13.7 KDa), Trypsin (24KDa) and Saporin (32.8 KDa), medium molecule protein goods such as HRP (40KDa) and macromolecular protein goods such as beta-Gal (430KDa), so that the compound for cytoplasm delivery can be used for preparing a lipid-soluble protein carrier. And furthermore, transmembrane transportation is formed through the strong fat solubility property, so that the protection and intracellular delivery of carried protein molecules are realized. According to the delivery mechanism, cargo molecules can quickly penetrate through cell membranes, and carried protein molecules can enter cytoplasm to exert functions without release operation. Development of the organic molecule cytoplasm delivery carrier is expected to assist potential protein therapies with low bioavailability and off-target toxicity to complete clinical transformation, which is crucial to tumor therapy, gene therapy and the like requiring precise local administration.

The invention discloses a ganoderma lucidum lipid exosome containing a liver protection component and a preparation method and application thereof.The preparation method comprises the steps that the liver protection component is wrapped with a coarsely extracted ganoderma lucidum exosome, then the liver protection component is wrapped with lipidosome, and therefore a lipidosome-exosome-liver protection component three-layer structure is formed from outside to inside; in the three-layer structure, the outer layer liposome can protect the storage of the liver protection component and can improve the transmembrane transport efficiency, the middle layer exosome serves as a carrier and can reach a designated position to be released, and the inner layer contains the liver protection component and can improve the transmembrane transport efficiency. Cell cycle arrest can be prevented, antioxidant enzyme activity can be improved, cell membranes can be protected from oxidative damage, and redox steady state can be maintained to relieve cell aging. The prepared ganoderma lucidum lipid exosome containing the liver protection component realizes slow release synergy through a three-layer structure, and the action time of the active component is remarkably prolonged.

The invention discloses a saccharomyces cerevisiae engineering bacterium for producing heme-binding protein as well as a construction method and application of the saccharomyces cerevisiae engineering bacterium. The construction method comprises the following steps: (1) by taking Saccharomyces cerevisiae CEN.PK2-1C as an original strain, optimizing a metabolic pathway, enhancing the supply of cytoplasm alpha-ketoglutaric acid (alpha-KG) and succinyl coenzyme A, and realizing the efficient accumulation of 5-aminolevulinic acid (ALA); (2) regulating and controlling the heme synthesis gene cluster in a time-sharing manner, and cooperatively expressing heme binding protein, so as to improve the assembly efficiency of heme (Heme); and (3) a secretion system is optimized, the secretion bottleneck of eukaryotic protein is broken through, and transmembrane transport and extracellular accumulation of the heme-binding protein are realized. Through the transformation of the combination strategy, an engineering strain for efficiently producing the heme-binding protein is obtained, and the yield of the bean hemoglobin in the saccharomyces cerevisiae is remarkably improved. Under the fermentation condition of a 5L fermentation tank, the secretory expression quantity of the bean hemoglobin reaches 286.6 mg / L.

The application discloses a single-particle layer metal organic framework mixed matrix nanometer porous membrane and a preparation method thereof, and belongs to the field of functional materials and membrane separation technology. The preparation method comprises the following steps: firstly, synthesizing MOF nanoparticles; then, self-assembling the MOF particles and polystyrene balls on the water surface; after treatment, obtaining a MOF single-particle layer; finally, adding a proper amount of a polymer binder to fill the gaps between the MOF particles, so that a single-particle layer MOF mixed matrix nanometer porous membrane is obtained. The single-particle layer MOF mixed matrix nanometer porous membrane prepared by the preparation method is composed of a single-particle layer, has an ultrathin thickness and high strength, and the transmembrane transport of substances in the membrane only needs to pass through a single MOF particle, so that the nanometer porous structure of the MOF particle can be used to the maximum extent, the negative influence of polymer blockage and grain boundary between particles on the substance transport of the nanometer porous membrane is avoided, and the single-particle layer MOF mixed matrix nanometer porous membrane has high selectivity and high permeability.

The invention relates to the field of molecular biology and medical genetics, and particularly discloses a method for regulating and controlling transport of a TMC1 plasma membrane through TRAPPC3 and application of the method in an auditory function. The TMC1 is a core protein of a hair cell mechanical electrotransduction (MET) channel, and abnormal positioning of the TMC1 is closely related to hereditary hearing loss. The research finds that the transport protein particle compound component TRAPPC3 can specifically interact with the TMC1 protein to promote the TMC1 to be correctly positioned to a cell membrane from cytoplasm, so that the auditory function of hair cells is maintained. According to the method for regulating and controlling the positioning of the TMC1 from the cytoplasm to the cell membrane through co-expression of the TRAPPC3, a functional TMC1 channel can be reconstructed in a heterologous system, and the method is suitable for deafness molecular mechanism research, drug screening and gene therapy strategy development. According to the invention, the TRAPPC3-TMC1 interaction mechanism is provided for the first time, and a new intervention target is provided for hereditary hearing loss treatment.

The utility model discloses an adjustable internal filtration dialysis appliance, which belongs to the technical field of blood purification, a dialysis shell is not an integral inner cavity any more and is provided with two independent cavities, namely a first dialysate chamber and a second dialysate chamber, the first dialysate chamber and the second dialysate chamber are identical in appearance and size, a first inlet pipe inputs dialysate into the first dialysate chamber, and a second inlet pipe inputs dialysate into the second dialysate chamber. The first inlet pipe inputs dialysate into the first dialysate chamber, the second inlet pipe inputs dialysate into the second dialysate chamber, the dialysate is discharged from the dialysate outlet pipe, the first inlet pipe and / or the second inlet pipe are / is provided with an elastic area, the first inlet pipe and the second inlet pipe are connected to the same liquid source, and the first inlet pipe or the second inlet pipe is extruded by a flow adjusting device to deform. The liquid inlet flow of the first dialysate chamber and the liquid inlet flow of the second dialysate chamber are adjusted, then the pressure drop in the two dialysate chambers is changed, the membrane inside and outside pressure difference of the hollow fiber membrane bundle is changed, the convection effect is enhanced along with the increase of the internal filtration flow, the fluid transmembrane transportation capacity is enhanced, and the capacity of removing middle and macromolecular toxins is improved.

The invention discloses a method for promoting plant growth and increasing yield through optogenetics, and belongs to the technical field of plant growth and development research. By activating light-operated hydrogen ion pump PPR protein, plant growth can be promoted, and the yield can be increased. By transferring the light-operated hydrogen ion pump PPR protein, the plant can grow quickly under the same growth condition. The growth promotion mechanism does not depend on frequent stimulation of external conditions, but accelerates a series of key physiological activities, such as a photosynthetic phosphorylation process, substance transmembrane transport and the like, regulated by hydrogen ions in plants by means of illumination, so that the plant growth efficiency is remarkably improved. And the growth target of the plant can be realized in a shorter time.

The invention discloses a pH-responsive isoGPBG hydrogel and an application of the pH-responsive isoGPBG hydrogel in miRNA delivery, and belongs to the technical field of biopesticides. The pH-responsive isoGPBG hydrogel disclosed by the invention is formed by deprotonating isoguanosine and guanosine under an alkaline condition and cross-linking the deprotonated isoguanosine and guanosine with a boric acid group of PBA to form a pH-sensitive phenylboronic acid ester bond. The hydrogel delivery system can break through plant miRNA transmembrane transport obstacles, and efficient delivery and controllable release of antiviral nucleic acid drugs are achieved. When the hydrogel delivery system is used for delivering miRNA, in-vitro degradation of miRNA can be prevented, and the hydrogel delivery system has an important application prospect in prevention and treatment of plant viral diseases and bacterial diseases.

The present invention belongs to the technical field of liposome pharmaceutical preparations, and specifically relates to a liposome and its application, a liposome preparation and its preparation method and application. The present invention provides a liposome, wherein the liposome membrane is modified with a glutathione group and an indole residue. The liposome provided by the present invention has excellent transmembrane transport ability, efficiently penetrates the blood-brain barrier and can be taken up by glioma cells, while exhibiting excellent endosomal escape properties, thereby effectively solving the technical problem of low blood-brain barrier permeability during the treatment of gliomas with temozolomide. At the same time, the present invention provides a liposome preparation that improves delivery efficiency and anti-tumor efficacy, has an inhibitory effect on both human and mouse glioma cells, shows a wide range of clinical application potential, and provides a new treatment plan for glioma patients with high efficiency and low toxicity.

The application discloses a medicine for preventing and treating plant diseases, a preparation method and application thereof, and belongs to the technical field of biological pesticides. The medicine for preventing and treating plant diseases comprises a hydrogel and nbe-miR159a; and the nucleic acid sequence of the nbe-miR159a is shown as SEQ ID NO:1. The isoGPBG pH-responsive hydrogel is used to coat the nbe-miR159a; not only the transmembrane transport obstacle of plant miRNA is broken through, efficient delivery and controllable release of the antiviral nucleic acid medicine are realized, but also the miRNA can be protected from degradation. The medicine has good inhibiting effect on potato Y virus and Pseudomonas solanacearum, and has important application prospects in the prevention and treatment of plant bacterial diseases and viral diseases.

The present application relates to a kind of twelve urea cage molecules, preparation method and application, belong to chemical synthesis and pharmaceutical preparation technical field.The molecule is non-toxic and neutral, and the urea group in the molecule has multiple hydrogen bond donors and acceptors, it has three-dimensional cavity capable of completely encapsulating substrate, can simulate protein binding site and function.Use organic ammonium sulfate salt as template, obtain twelve urea molecular cage by reacting N bridge-based tripod three urea precursor with diisocyanate or diaminocarbamate.The molecule can be used as a universal tool to chelate different kinds of phosphorus / phosphonate drugs through hydrogen bond, reduce the electronegativity of phosphorus / phosphonate drug, increase the liposolubility of phosphorus / phosphonate drug, improve its membrane transport efficiency.

This invention provides the preparation and application of a class of artificial peptide transporters for promoting transmembrane delivery of peptide drugs. The general structural formula is as follows: The compound involved in this invention consists of three parts: (1) a diamide structure as an anion-binding unit, which binds to the carboxyl anion of the peptide molecule; (2) a crown ether as a cation-binding unit, which binds to the amino cation of the peptide molecule; and (3) a hydrophobic side chain: connecting the anion-binding unit and the cation-binding unit, so that the whole molecule can act as molecular tweezers to form a stable complex with the peptide drug and encapsulate it in a hydrophobic environment to promote its transmembrane transport. The compound obtained in this application has inexpensive raw materials, is easy to synthesize, and significantly improves the bioavailability of peptide drugs. It has shown significant synergistic anticancer activity in both in vitro and in vivo experiments, and therefore has great potential as a pharmaceutical excipient.

The invention discloses a preparation method and application of a non-natural chiral phenylalanine dipeptide modified arsenene nano material. The preparation method comprises the following steps: (1) dispersing phenylalanine dipeptide and an arsenene nano material in a solvent to obtain a dispersion liquid; and (2) in an ice-water bath, carrying out ultrasonic treatment on the dispersion liquid to carry out a reaction, after the reaction is completed, carrying out rotary evaporation to remove the solvent, washing with water, and centrifugally collecting the precipitate to obtain the phenylalanine dipeptide modified arsenene nano material. The non-natural chiral phenylalanine dipeptide modified arsenene nano-material prepared by the invention has good transmembrane transport promotion and tumor killing ability, can be used for preparing malignant tumor drugs, and is expected to provide a scientific basis for rational design and function optimization of an intelligent chiral delivery system.

Nonaqueous redox flow batteries are one economically promising solution for meeting grid-scale energy storage needs at discharge durations of 10 h or more. However, membrane transport properties in nonaqueous systems are not as well understood as in water. Solvent-specific effects complicate efforts to understand transport in nonaqueous. In one aspect, the disclosure relates to blended cross-linked membranes compositions, methods of making same, and devices, products, and systems comprising same. In one aspect, the disclosed blended cross-linked membranes compositions comprise a cross-linked first polymer and a second polymer. The disclosed blends have desired permeabilities for selected cations and rejected undesired materials from the redox reaction mixture. This abstract is intended as a scanning tool for purposes of searching in the particular art and is not intended to be limiting of the present disclosure.

The present invention provides a butterfly-shaped potassium ion channel molecule and its preparation method and application for mechanical and pH dual regulation, belonging to the field of biomimetic material technology. The butterfly-shaped potassium ion channel molecule of the present invention is respectively based on three-generation and four-generation dendrimer polypropylene imine (POPAM), and POPAM and ion binding site benzo-21-crown ether-7 are connected with urea bonds. Intramolecular hydrogen bond constraint causes GnC7 to present a symmetrical "butterfly-shaped" topological structure, and the channel has unique motion characteristics, and ultimately achieves efficient and so far the highest potassium-sodium selectivity across the membrane transport of potassium ions. Dynamic characteristics, as the core attribute of GnC7, enable the channel to regulate potassium ion transmission rate according to the membrane tension changes caused by mechanical force. Meanwhile, benzylamine hexafluorophosphate Bh, which is affected by pH, acts as a blocker of GnC7 through host-guest specific composite action, which can realize the switch for pH regulation potassium ion transmission.

Disclosed herein are pharmaceutical compositions for the treatment of respiratory diseases and disorders, including rhinosinusitis. In some aspects, the compositions provide selective delivery to the upper airway and facilitate the transport active agents effectively across membranes.

Disclosed herein are pharmaceutical compositions for the treatment of respiratory diseases and disorders, including rhinosinusitis. In some aspects, the compositions provide selective delivery to the upper airway and facilitate the transport active agents effectively across membranes.

According to the present invention, in the prior art, staphylococcus aureus infection and antibiotic resistance (AMR) are two important factors threatening public health, such that persistent pain and even death may be caused, and the common health can be threatened by the staphylococcus aureus infection and the antibiotic resistance (AMR), such that the common health can be threatened by the staphylococcus aureus infection and the antibiotic resistance (AMR), and the common health can be threatened by the staphylococcus aureus infection and the antibiotic resistance (AMR); therefore, it is urgent to develop alternative antibacterial materials. In the invention, a biocompatible nano system (ZIF-67 HS) based on a hollow spherical zeolite imidazate skeleton is successfully developed, and the biocompatible nano system has a remarkable bactericidal effect on gram-positive staphylococcus aureus in vitro and in vivo. Importantly, the research result shows that S. aureus does not generate secondary drug resistance like traditional antibiotics when being exposed to ZIF-67 HS with sub-minimum inhibitory concentration for a long time; on the contrary, it maintains continuous sensitivity to antibiotic resistant strains. Multi-omics analysis (including transcriptomics, metabonomics and metallomics) is combined with bioassays to prove that ZIF-67 HS destroys a plurality of necessary pathways in S.aures, including amino acid metabolism, iron metabolism, membrane transport, ROS and S.aures infection pathways. According to the invention, a new insight is provided for the potential of nano biological medicines in the aspect of removing bacteria, and a related molecular mechanism is clarified.

The invention provides application of esketamine in preparation of hyperalgesia drugs, and relates to the technical field of clinical medicine. Clinical tests and animal experiments are combined, it is systematically proved that sub-anesthetic dose esketamine can effectively relieve diabetic hyperalgesia, and a novel molecular action mechanism of esketamine is disclosed. Preliminary tests and animal experiments show that the scheme can significantly improve the mechanical pain threshold and reduce the pain score, and the effect is exact. In mechanism, it is clarified for the first time that esketamine regulates and controls downstream PI3K / Akt / GSK-3beta signal channels by inhibiting excessive activation of an NMDA receptor, and abnormal expression and membrane transport of a GLuR1 receptor are reduced, so that central sensitization is reversed. The scheme has the advantages of quick response, no opioid drug dependence, clear mechanism and the like, provides a new safe, effective and clear-target analgesic strategy for clinical treatment of diabetes-related neuropathic pain, and has good transformation and application prospects.

The invention discloses a mitochondrial repair factor based on NADH metabolism and application of the mitochondrial repair factor in asthma treatment, and relates to the technical field of biologication.The mitochondrial repair factor based on NADH metabolism comprises the steps of S1, functional element design and sequence optimization, S2, recombinant vector construction, S3, host cell transformation, S4, engineering bacterium multiplication culture, S5, protein purification and S6, preparation. The mitochondrial energy metabolism efficiency is directly improved by catalyzing synthesis of NADH through the NADH regeneration module; the NAD < + > transfer module maintains the steady state level of NAD < + > in mitochondria through a transmembrane transport mechanism, and cofactor depletion is avoided; according to the cofactor stabilizing module, the binding capacity of a protein structure and cofactors is enhanced, the lasting time of enzyme activity is prolonged, dynamic conformation adjustment is achieved among the modules through flexible connecting peptides, and the stability of the overall structure can be maintained while the independence of functional domains can be guaranteed.

The utility model provides a film cutting and transporting device, wherein the film cutting and transporting device comprises an adhesive film adsorption turntable, an adhesive film transverse cutting mechanism and an adhesive film transporting platform, the adhesive film adsorption turntable is provided with an adhesive film adsorption rotating column with a polygonal cross section, the adhesive film transverse cutting mechanism is provided with a first cutting knife, and the adhesive film transporting platform is provided with a second cutting knife. The first cutting knife can cut off the adhesive film corresponding to the gap position between the two adjacent adsorption faces of the adhesive film adsorption rotating column, and the adhesive film conveying platform is located below the adhesive film adsorption rotating column so as to bear and convey the adhesive film section released by the adsorption face, located on the lower side, of the adhesive film adsorption rotating column. According to the utility model, the phenomenon that the rotary adhesive tape pasting mechanism in the prior art is directly adhered to the surface of the battery piece after the adhesive film section is prepared, so that the battery piece is damaged due to stress concentration can be avoided, the bunching qualification rate of the battery piece is improved, and the quality and the performance of the battery piece are further improved.

The application discloses a coating composition, a coating material and an anti-fouling coating, and the coating composition comprises: pentaerythritol tetra-3-mercapto propionate (PETMP), hexamethylene diisocyanate (HDI), an indole derivative containing a carbon-carbon double bond and an initiator. The indole derivative containing the carbon-carbon double bond is a Friedel-Crafts alkylation product of N-hydroxymethyl acrylamide and the indole derivative. The anti-fouling coating obtained after curing of the coating composition provided by the application has excellent mechanical properties, high anti-biofouling adhesion and strong adhesion between the coating and a substrate. The indole derivative can act on transmembrane transport of calcium ions in cells, trigger Ca 2+ efflux in the intracellular environment, destroy the homeostasis of Ca 2+ in the cells, and have an adverse effect on the growth and development of the cells, thereby inhibiting the adhesion and growth and reproduction of biofouling organisms such as microalgae.

The invention discloses a modified sulfonated polyethersulfone membrane as well as a preparation method and application thereof, and the preparation method of the membrane comprises the following steps: preparing a membrane from a sulfonated polyethersulfone solution by adopting a tape casting method, drying, immersing the formed membrane into an acrylic acid solution, initiating a grafting reaction by ultraviolet light, and then washing and drying to obtain the modified sulfonated polyethersulfone membrane. The carboxyl is grafted to the surface of the membrane through ultraviolet initiation, so that the physical and chemical properties such as hydrophilicity and hydroxyl conductivity of the membrane are remarkably improved, and efficient transmembrane transportation of carriers is realized.

The invention discloses a photo-acid-driven single-hole colloid motor and a preparation method thereof, and belongs to the field of colloid motors. The colloid motor takes a polyelectrolyte single-hole microcapsule loaded with photoacid as a core, and a capsule-like vesicle film is assembled on the surface of the polyelectrolyte single-hole microcapsule. The method comprises the following steps: extracting the thylakoid vesicles embedded with the biomolecular motor FlFo-ATP synthase by virtue of methods of homogenizing and homogenizing, gradient centrifugation and extrusion; 2, preparing a single-hole microcapsule by a heterogeneous nucleation, self-expansion and selective etching method; 3, carrying out layer-by-layer self-assembly by taking the single-hole microcapsule as a template to prepare a polyelectrolyte single-hole microcapsule; and 4, assembling the capsule-like vesicles on the surface of the polyelectrolyte single-hole microcapsule. By utilizing a unique single-hole channel structure, precise regulation and control on light-operated proton release and transmembrane transportation are realized, and the proton driving efficiency is remarkably improved, so that rotation of FlFo-ATP synthase is efficiently activated to synthesize ATP, a light response motion behavior is realized, and directional motion and energy metabolism regulation and control in a complex biological medium can be realized.

The invention discloses an electronic tomato hydroponic device and a cultivation method thereof, and relates to the field of hydroponic cultivation. The control module obtains a preset reference parameter and outputs a control instruction; the direct-current stabilized power supply outputs low-voltage direct current according to the control instruction; the electrode module forms an electric field at the root system of the tomato plant according to the low-voltage direct current and penetrates through a root system-stem pathway to activate a cell membrane ion channel, so that the permeability of a cell membrane of the root system is changed based on electrical stimulation, and transmembrane transportation of anions and cations in a nutrient solution is promoted; the control module also compares the acquired data with a preset reference parameter and outputs an adjustment instruction; the circulation module drives the nutrient solution in the water culture container to flow according to the circulation triggering instruction. The absorption efficiency of the tomato root system on the nutrient solution can be improved, so that efficient and accurate regulation and control of water culture are realized.

This invention discloses a light-driven molecular machine and its application in transmembrane delivery of trivalent metal drugs. The molecular machine features a light-driven molecular motor based on a tetrasubstituted crowded olefin, which consists of a core unit, a polyethylene glycol chain, and trivalent metal ion coordinating groups. This invention utilizes the directional rotational motion of the molecular motor under light irradiation, embedding it into a phospholipid bilayer membrane, and achieving light-controlled transmembrane transport of trivalent metal ions through a "bind-release" mechanism. This molecular machine can selectively complex trivalent metal ions (such as Bi...) 3+ Ga 3+ Ce 3+ (etc.), and accelerates ion transmembrane transport under light-driven conditions, thereby disrupting the intracellular and extracellular ion balance of bacteria. Experiments have shown that this system has significant light-controlled antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus. This invention has advantages such as controllable structure, precise spatiotemporal targeting, and ease of derivatization, and has promising applications in antibacterial therapy and biomedicine.

A self-checking air tightness system and method for a transmembrane transportation sealing device are used for detecting the sealing performance of the transmembrane transportation sealing device and comprise a pressure supply unit, a connecting pipeline, a pressure sensing unit and a control unit. The voltage supply unit is provided with at least one output end; one end of the connecting pipeline is communicated with at least one output end, and the other end is communicated with an input port of at least one transmembrane transportation sealing device; the pressure sensing unit is connected with the connecting pipeline to detect pressure information on the connecting pipeline; and the control unit is connected with the pressure supply unit and the pressure sensing unit, controls the pressure supply unit to act to pressurize or depressurize the connecting pipeline through multiple cycle tests, receives corresponding pressure information detected by the pressure sensing unit, and analyzes and processes the pressure information obtained through the multiple cycle tests to obtain an air tightness detection result. According to the invention, air tightness detection can be completed intelligently without assistance of other external equipment, the operation is simple, and the air tightness detection efficiency is improved.

The invention discloses a method for promoting opening of plant stomata through optogenetics, and belongs to the technical field of plant growth and development research. By activating the light-operated hydrogen ion pump PPR protein, the length and width of the plant stomata can be regulated and controlled, the stomata opening and closing can be controlled, the opening of the plant stomata is promoted, and the stomata conductance of the plant is improved. The light-operated hydrogen ion pump PPR protein is transferred into guard cells, and the length and width of the pores are regulated and controlled under the illumination condition, so that the opening and closing of the pores are controlled. The opening and closing mechanism does not depend on frequent stimulation of external conditions, but accelerates transmembrane transport of hydrogen ions by means of illumination, so that accurate regulation and control of plant stomata can be realized.

The utility model discloses a smoothing mechanism and a diaphragm conveying device, the smoothing mechanism comprises a smoothing assembly and a connecting assembly, the smoothing assembly is movably connected with a first end of the connecting assembly, and a second end of the connecting assembly is used for being connected with a support; when the smoothing mechanism is in the first state, the smoothing assembly is located at the first position, and the smoothing assembly can make contact with a diaphragm and conduct smoothing. And when the smoothing mechanism is in the second state, the smoothing assembly is located at the second position, and the smoothing assembly can be far away from the membrane and avoid the membrane. Therefore, the position of the smoothing assembly can be flexibly adjusted according to working condition requirements. And moreover, due to the arrangement of the avoiding position, the film conveying device can stop smoothing without shutdown, the shutdown time is also reduced, and the production efficiency is conveniently improved.

Disclosed herein are methods of delivering biomolecules to the cytosol of a cell using a substituted tertiary amine (STA) moiety.