2331 results about "Nano sized" patented technology

The stamping process and a method of fabrication of nano-stamps with characteristic dimensions below 1 nm and up to 100 nm intended for usage in making patterns of characteristic dimensions the same as those of the nano-stamp on surface of a substrate is provided. In the process a very hard stamp is fabricated by first depositing alternating layers of two materials, one of which has very high hardness, on some sacrificial substrate via PVD, CVD or any other deposition procedure that produces alternating layers of selected thickness, from sub 1 nm to above 100 nm. The layered film is then polished to an atomically smooth finish perpendicular to the plane of the layers and etched to produce dips in the softer layers. These steps produce a grid of parallel elevations and valleys on the etched surface, which now can be used as a stamp to stamp out patterns on a substrate of lower hardness than the hardness of the elevated layers. If the substrate is stamped twice with a turning of the stamp 90 degrees between first and second stampings, a square pattern of elevations or hills and valleys is formed, which can be used for magnetic memory storage by subsequently sputtering magnetic material on the tops of the elevations or hills.

Micro-mechanical devices, such as MEMS, having layers thereon, and methods of forming the layers, are disclosed. In one aspect, a method may include forming a layer including an oxide of aluminum over at least a portion of a micro-mechanical device, and coating the layer by bonding material to surface hydroxyl groups of the layer. In another aspect, a method may include introducing a micro-mechanical device into an atomic layer deposition chamber, and substantially filling nanometer sized voids of the micro-mechanical device by using atomic layer deposition to introduce material into the voids. In a still further aspect, a method may include introducing an alkylaminosilane to a micro-mechanical device having a surface hydroxyl group, and bonding a silane to the micro-mechanical device by reacting the alkylaminosilane with the surface hydroxyl group.

The present invention is generally directed to nanocomposite thermoelectric materials that exhibit enhanced thermoelectric properties. The nanocomposite materials include two or more components, with at least one of the components forming nano-sized structures within the composite material. The components are chosen such that thermal conductivity of the composite is decreased without substantially diminishing the composite's electrical conductivity. Suitable component materials exhibit similar electronic band structures. For example, a band-edge gap between at least one of a conduction band or a valence band of one component material and a corresponding band of the other component material at interfaces between the components can be less than about 5 k_BT, wherein k_B is the Boltzman constant and T is an average temperature of said nanocomposite composition.

Applicant's present invention is a composite scintillator having enhanced transparency for detecting ionizing radiation comprising a material having optical transparency wherein said material comprises nano-sized objects having a size in at least one dimension that is less than the wavelength of light emitted by the composite scintillator wherein the composite scintillator is designed to have selected properties suitable for a particular application.

An illumination system generating light having at least one wavelength within 200 nm a plurality of nano-sized structures (e.g., voids). The optical fiber coupled to the light source. The light diffusing optical fiber has a core and a cladding. The plurality of nano-sized structures is situated either within said core or at a core-cladding boundary. The optical fiber also includes an outer surface. The optical fiber is configured to scatter guided light via the nano-sized structures away from the core and through the outer surface, to form a light-source fiber portion having a length that emits substantially uniform radiation over its length, said fiber having a scattering-induced attenuation greater than 50 dB/km for the wavelength(s) within 200 nm to 2000 nm range.

A method of forming particles comprises accelerating a stream comprising a liquid; and vibrating the stream, to form particles. The particle may have a diameter that is smaller than the diameter of the nozzle used to form the stream, allowing for the formation of micro- and nano-sized particle.

Aluminum hydroxide fibers approximately 2 nanometers in diameter and with surface areas ranging from 200 to 650 m²/g have been fount to be highly electropositive. When dispersed in water they are able to attach to and retain electronegative particles. When combined into a composite filter with other fibers or particles they can filter bacteria and nano size particulates such as viruses and colloidal particles at high flux through the filter. Such filters can be used for purification and sterilization of water, biological, medical and pharmaceutical fluids, and as a collector/concentrator for detection and assay of mirobes and viruses. The alumina fibers are also capable of filtering sub-micron inorganic and metallic particles to produce ultra pure water. The fibers are suitable as a substrate for growth of cells. Macromolicules such as proteins may be separated from each other based on their electronegative charges.

A process for the production of ultrafine powders that includes subjecting a mixture of precursor metal compound and a non-reactant diluent phase to mechanical milling whereby the process of mechanical activation reduces the microstructure of the mixture to the form of nano-sized grains of the metal compound uniformly dispersed in the diluent phase. The process also includes heat treating the mixture of nano-sized grains of the metal compound uniformly dispersed in the diluent phase to convert the nano-sized grains of the metal compound into a metal oxide phase. The process further includes removing the diluent phase such that the nano-sized grains of the metal oxide phase are left behind in the form of an ultrafine powder.

The present invention provides an electrically conductive adhesive composition having cured low modulus elastomer and metallurgically-bonded micron-sized metal particles and nano-sized metal particles. The low modulus elastomer provides the mechanical robustness and reliability by relieving the stresses generated; and the metallurgically-bonded micron-sized metal particles and nano-sized metal particles provide a continuous conducting path with minimized interface resistance. Addition of nano-sized metal particles lowers the fusion temperature and allows the metallurgical-bonding to occur at manageable temperatures.

The present invention relates to carbon-carbon composite material comprising a carbonaceous carrier and nanosize carbon structures (e.g. CNT or CNF), wherein the nanosize carbon structures are grown on the carbonaceous carrier. The carrier may be porous, as in activated carbon or consists of carbon black particles. In accordance with the invention, nanocarbon growth in the pores of porous carriers can be realized. The process for the manufacture of a this carbon-carbon-composite material comprises the steps of treating a carbonaceous carrier material with a metal-containing catalyst material, said metal being capable of forming nanosize carbon structures, and growing nanosize carbon structures by means of a CVD (chemical vapour deposition) method on the treated carrier in a gas atmosphere comprising a carbon-containing gas, followed by an optional surface modification step. This process allows optimising porosity, hydrodynamical properties and surface chemistry independently from each other, which is particularly beneficial in respect of the use of the composite for water purification. Carbon black-based composites are particularly useful for filler applications.

A new, cost effective process for the production of ultrafine particles which is based on mechanically activated chemical reaction of a metal compound with a suitable reagent. The process involves subjecting a mixture of a metal compound and a suitable reagent to mechanical activation to increase the chemical reactivity of the reactants and/or reaction kinetics such that a chemical reaction can occur which produces a solid nano-phase substance. Concomitantly, a by-product phase is also formed. This by-product phase is removed so that the solid nano-phase substance is left behind in the form of ultrafine particles. During mechanical activation a composite structure is formed which consists of an intimate mixture of nano-sized grains of the nano-phase substance and the reaction by-product phase. The step of removing the by-product phase, following mechanical activation, may involve subjecting the composite structure to a suitable solvent which dissolves the by-product phase, while not reacting with the solid nano-phase substance. The process according to the invention may be used to form ultrafine metal powders as well as ultrafine ceramic powders. Advantages of the process include a significant degree of control over the size and size distribution of the ultrafine particles, and over the nature of interfaces created between the solid nano-phase substance and the reaction by-product phase.

A carbon nanotube-based device (40) includes a substrate (10), a number of alloyed, nano-sized catalytic particles (26) formed on the substrate, and an array of aligned carbon nanotubes (15) extending from the alloyed, nano-sized catalytic particles. The nanotube array bends in an arcuate configuation. A method for making the carbon nanotube-based device includes the steps of: providing a substrate; depositing a catalyst layer on the substrate; depositing two different layers of catalyst-doped materials on different areas of the catalyst layer for accelerating or decelerating the rate of synthesis of the aligned carbon nanotube array; annealing the catalyst and the catalyst-doped materials in an oxygen-containing gas at a low temperature; introducing a carbon source gas; and forming an array of aligned carbon nanotubes extending from the alloyed, nano-sized catalytic particles using a chemical vapor deposition method.

The invention relates to expanded graphite and methods of making the graphite and products that can be made from the graphite made from the inventive process. The invention includes the step of introducing a fluid into at least one of a plurality of interstices of graphite flake, wherein the fluid comprises at least one of a sub-critical point fluid, a near critical point fluid, or a supercritical fluid. The graphite flake is also intercalated with an intercalant and optionally an oxidizing agent. The invention may further include novel techniques of exfoliating the graphite. The invention may be practiced to make nano-sized graphite particles and also graphite composites. Preferred composites which may be made in accordance with the invention include conductive polymeric composites (thermally or electrically), paint composites, battery composites, capacitor composites, and pollution abatement catalyst support composites.

A material composition made of a matrix material, a nano-sized particulate fraction and a micron-sized particulate fraction. A process of making a nano-structured composition. A nano-structured material is provided to initiate a mixture. A micron-sized particulate material is added to the mixture. A matrix material is added to the mixture. Finally, the mixture is utilized to fabricate a nano-structured structure.

A new polymeric material for biological tissue regeneration or treatment with a drug delivery system which contains therapeutic agents and/or bioactive molecules to reduce infection and inflammatory reaction at a wound site and maximize tissue regeneration and wound healing is provided. The new bioactive molecule-loaded polymeric material is prepared by (1) preparing micrometer or nanometer sized bioactive molecule-loaded particles; (2) modifying the surface of the prepared particles and immobilizing the particles on the surface of the polymeric material; and (3) physically treating the surface of the polymeric material to improve binding strength of the particles immobilized thereon.

An illumination system that includes at least one light-diffusing optical fiber is disclosed. The illumination system includes at least one low-scatter light-conducting optical fiber that optically couples the at least one light-diffusing optical fiber to at least one light source. The light-diffusing optical fiber includes a light-source fiber portion having a length over which scattered light is continuously emitted. The light-source fiber portion can be bent, including wound into a coil shape. The light-diffusing optical fiber includes a plurality of nano-sized structures configured to scatter guided light traveling within the light-diffusing optical fiber out of an outer surface of the fiber.

The present invention is to provide anode active material hybridized with carbon nano fibers for lithium secondary battery prepared by following steps comprising, i) dispersing the nano size metal catalyst to the surface of anode material selected from graphite, amorphous silicon or the complex of graphite and amorphous silicon; and ii) growing the carbon nano fiber by chemical vapor deposition method, wherein carbon nano fibers are grown in a vine form and surround the surface of anode active material.

A medical electrical lead having a conductor assembly covered by an insulating layer, and a shield covering positioned adjacent or proximate to at least a portion of the insulating layer in order to shield the conductor assembly from one or more electromagnetic fields. The shield covering is formed of a polymer-matrix composite. The polymer-matrix composite includes a polymeric resin having discontinuous conductive fillers provided therein. The discontinuous conductive fillers include one or more of nano-sized metal structures and nano-sized non-metallic conductive structures. The nano-sized non-metallic conductive structures can have a coating formed of one or more metals. The nano-sized non-metallic conductive structures can be formed of carbon. In turn, the nano-sized non-metallic conductive structures can include one or more of carbon nanofibers, carbon filaments, carbon nanotubes, and carbon nanoflakes.

A layered coating composition for use in producing a cool dark coating composition. The coating system includes an IR reflecting layer, having IR-reflective pigments in a resinous binder. A radiation absorbing layer is coated onto the IR reflecting layer. The radiation absorbing layer includes nano-sized pigments dispersed in a resinous binder.