44 results about "Repeat testing" patented technology

The utility model discloses a low-leakage double-signal test probe, which comprises a probe arm, a double-tip coaxial probe and a pair of connectors are regularly mounted on the probe arm, the pair of connectors comprises a Force end connector and a Sense end connector, two tips at the front end of the double-tip coaxial probe are bent towards each other and are close to each other but not in contact to form a double-tip structure, and the Force end connector is connected with the Sense end connector. And two needle rods at the rear end of the connector are electrically connected to the Force end connector and the Sense end connector respectively. According to the utility model, through the designed double-needle-point structure, the contact area between the needle point and the PAD can be increased, so that the contact resistance between the needle point and the PAD is effectively reduced, and the parasitic resistance of the probe and the contact resistance between the needle point and the PAD are perfectly eliminated. Meanwhile, the needle point only needs to be in effective contact with the PAD, the requirement for the needle inserting depth is low, damage to the PAD is small, the service life of the PAD can be remarkably prolonged, and the accuracy of a test result can still be guaranteed after repeated testing.

The invention discloses a part joint degree thermal resistance testing method based on natural convection cooling, and relates to the technical field of thermal resistance testing. The problems that in the prior art, testing time is long, efficiency is low, drying cost is increased, and production efficiency is reduced are solved. Through test preparation, real-time monitoring and control, temperature difference calculation and repeated test verification, the thermal conductivity and the processing quality of the joint surface of the component can be quickly judged, the production efficiency is effectively improved, the test cost is reduced, the test conditions are accurately controlled, the thermal steady state is quickly achieved, the test time is remarkably shortened, the test efficiency is improved, and the test cost is reduced. Meanwhile, the drying cost is reduced, the production efficiency is improved, the stability and the reliability of a test result are ensured through repeated testing and verification, the processing quality of a component joint surface can be accurately evaluated, whether the joint process is qualified or not is quantitatively evaluated by establishing a standard temperature difference threshold value, and the reliability of the test result is enhanced.

The utility model relates to a wearable nose clip capable of being matched with lung functions, which comprises an elastic clip body and two groups of flexible clamping heads used for being clamped on two sides of a nose wing of a nose body, the two groups of flexible clamping heads are connected into a whole through an elastic bow, one end of an elastic arm is connected with the middle section of the elastic bow, and the other end of the elastic arm extends towards the forehead along the nose body. The head clamping bow is arranged on the forehead in a sleeving mode, one end of the elastic arm is connected with the middle section of the head clamping bow, when the wearable nose clip is actually used, the wearing stability can be remarkably improved, repeated detection caused by falling of the nose clip is avoided, the detection cost and time consumption are reduced, and the discomfort of a child during wearing is reduced to the maximum extent; the detection efficiency and the success rate are greatly improved, and convenience is provided for smooth lung function detection.

The invention discloses a method and a device for generating an electronic commercial draft test scene. The method comprises the following steps: acquiring a message interaction process among an applicant, a reply party and a ticket exchange office and circulation information of a bill; analyzing the message interaction process to obtain an initial test scene; determining a supplementary test scene according to the circulation information of the bill; establishing a plurality of test paths according to the initial test scene and the supplementary test scene; and performing deduplication processing on repeated test paths in all the test paths to obtain a test path after deduplication, and determining the test path after deduplication as a target test scene. According to the method, the test paths corresponding to all the circulation times are pre-established to ensure a comprehensive test scene, so that the electronic commercial drafts can be comprehensively tested; according to the method, the test paths are subjected to duplicate removal operation, so that redundant parts in the test process are avoided, each test scene is ensured to be unique, the same test does not need to be executed for multiple times, and the test efficiency is improved.

The utility model relates to the technical field of concentrator testing, and provides a concentrator key testing device which comprises a Z-axis longitudinal beam, a Z-axis moving mechanism, an X-axis moving mechanism, a Y-axis cross beam and a pressing executing mechanism. The pressing executing mechanism is composed of a connecting rod mechanism, a pressing gun, a connecting base and a bottom plate, a motor and belt wheels are installed on the bottom plate, and the belt wheels are connected through a synchronous belt. The Y-axis cross beam is connected with the adjustable installation mechanism through the Y-axis air cylinder, and fine adjustment is achieved. The device drives the connecting rod mechanism through the motor to achieve linear motion of the pressing gun, controls the key pressing force and speed, and adapts to concentrator keys of different models. The device can automatically and repeatedly test, reduces manual operation, and improves test accuracy and product consistency.

The invention provides a pillow bearing performance test method and system, and relates to the technical field of pillow detection. Aiming at the problem that a test method in the prior art does not meet test requirements, the method comprises the following steps: selecting a corresponding standardized human body model according to a to-be-tested pillow type target population, and arranging pressure sensing devices at key dissection test points; according to the biomechanical characteristics of the human body, carrying out structure correction on the key contact area of the standardized human body model; adjusting the corrected human body model to a preset sleep posture, and performing multi-degree-of-freedom posture compensation fine adjustment to enable the position relationship between the corrected human body model and the pillow sample to be tested to meet a set reference; continuously collecting pressure related data of each test point; the same preset sleep posture is repeatedly tested for preset times, the collected pressure related data are analyzed and calculated, bearing performance quantitative indexes are obtained, and the quantitative indexes comprise the average pressure, the pressure peak value and the pressure gradient. The test method provided by the invention meets objective, repeatable and bionic quantitative test requirements.

The invention relates to the technical field of electronics, and discloses a double-pulse test method, device and equipment and a storage medium, and the method comprises the steps: obtaining multi-source feature information of a tested device to generate a device feature code; performing a double-pulse test based on the device feature code, and collecting time-frequency domain data of the tested device in the test process; performing oscillation feature recognition on the time-frequency domain data to obtain oscillation feature data; adjusting the operation state of the double-pulse test based on the oscillation characteristic data, and terminating the test until a preset suppression target is met or a preset repeated test threshold value is reached, so as to obtain a final test result; according to the invention, on the basis of feature recognition and data acquisition, continuous oscillation adjustment is realized, the optimal test operation state adaptive to the tested device is generated, the core problems of much manual intervention, long test period and poor oscillation suppression effect of the existing double-pulse test are solved, and the stability of the double-pulse test is improved.

The utility model belongs to the technical field of medical instrument detection, and discloses a clamping tool and shearing force testing equipment. The clamping tool comprises a first clamping piece and a second clamping piece. The first clamping piece is provided with a first stop assembly; the first clamping piece is provided with a first stopping assembly, the second clamping piece is provided with a second stopping assembly, the sample can be clamped between the first clamping piece and the second clamping piece, the first stopping assembly is used for stopping the sample in the first direction, and the second stopping assembly is used for stopping the sample in the direction opposite to the first direction. According to the clamping tool, in the shearing force testing process, when shearing force is applied to the clamping tool, a sample cannot be disengaged from the clamping tool, the shearing force testing result is not affected, the testing success rate is high, then the frequency of repeated testing is reduced, and time and labor are saved.

The present invention relates to the field of dental material technology, and specifically to a dental material thickness tester comprising a positioning mechanism, a side locking portion, and a lower locking portion. In the present invention, a glass sheet is manually assembled onto a corresponding placement table, the placement table is moved to the rear side of a placement guide rail via a conveyor assembly, and the placement table is accurately moved to a set operating position by a positioning mechanism, thereby reducing interference with the testing process caused by manual labor, improving overall testing efficiency, and facilitating adaptation to repeated testing needs. Furthermore, through the positioning guidance of the side locking portion, the lower locking portion, and the placement guide rail in the positioning mechanism, the placement table, once moved to the set operating position, is subjected to multiple positioning and locking operations from top to bottom, thereby improving the accuracy of the placement table after movement and reducing errors during the testing process.

This application relates to a resistance temperature coefficient testing device, comprising: a controller; a temperature control stage assembly electrically connected to the controller, the temperature control stage assembly being used to place a sample to be tested, allowing the sample to be subjected to multiple different temperature environments; a temperature testing element for detecting the temperature value at the location where the sample is placed on the temperature control stage assembly; a resistance detection structure including a clamping assembly and at least one pair of probes, the clamping assembly clamping the sample to the temperature control stage assembly, and the probes simultaneously contacting the sample to form a detection circuit to detect the resistance value of the sample; the clamping assembly including a mounting plate having multiple equally spaced mounting holes, into which the probes are inserted. This device can solve the problem of the inability to quantitatively control the probe spacing during repeated testing, improving testing accuracy; in addition, the multiple equally spaced mounting holes on the mounting plate can simultaneously fix multiple pairs of probes, enabling simultaneous testing at multiple sites and improving testing efficiency.

This application discloses a method, system, device, and storage medium for determining the feasibility of parameters, relating to the field of microfluidics. The method includes: acquiring design parameters to be determined, wherein the design parameters include liquid physical properties, nozzle structural parameters, and driving parameters for driving the liquid ejection; calculating state determination values ​​related to the atomization process based on the design parameters; comparing the state determination values ​​with preset state determination thresholds to determine the atomization state corresponding to the design parameters; and determining that the design parameters pass the feasibility judgment when both the atomization state corresponding to the design parameters and the driving parameters in the design parameters meet their respective preset feasibility judgment conditions. This application eliminates the need to fabricate physical samples of the design parameters and verify the atomization effect through actual testing, avoiding the time and resource consumption caused by repeatedly fabricating samples and conducting repeated tests, thereby shortening the design cycle and reducing development costs.

The invention belongs to the technical field of detection, and particularly discloses a measurement uncertainty evaluation method for measuring immune factors in serum by an ELISA (enzyme-linked immuno sorbent assay) method. According to the method, ELISA detection is carried out on immune factors (such as IL-1beta) in serum of an experimental animal in contact with a medical instrument according to standards such as GB / T16886.20-2015, system analysis comprises nine types of uncertainty sources such as repeated detection, standard substance preparation and sample dilution, the standard uncertainty of each component is calculated through mathematical methods such as rectangular distribution and a least square method, and the standard uncertainty of each component is calculated according to the standard uncertainty. And synthesizing the standard uncertainty and calculating the expansion uncertainty, and finally outputting a standard detection result. The method comprehensively covers the uncertainty source, is rigorous in computational logic and clear in key quality control factors, provides a scientific and complete uncertainty evaluation scheme for medical instrument immunogenicity evaluation and immune factor determination in other experimental scenes, is beneficial to laboratory quality control and detection result optimization, and has wide practicability.

A test socket and a method for manufacturing the same are disclosed, which can effectively prevent deformation during repeated testing while reducing adhesion of the test element, terminal damage, and repulsion force on the test element. A test socket according to an embodiment of the present invention comprises: a conductive part array including a plurality of conductive parts arranged spaced apart along a horizontal direction; a first insulating part formed between the plurality of conductive parts, insulating the plurality of conductive parts and supporting the conductive part array; a supporting film having a film through hole formed vertically at each position corresponding to the plurality of terminals of the test element; and a second insulating part interposed between the first insulating part and the supporting film, provided to have a hardness lower than that of the supporting film and higher than that of the first insulating part.

The utility model discloses a switch on-off dust removal testing machine, which comprises a machine body of the testing machine, a pressing plate used for compacting a switch, a movable piece connected with the machine body and the pressing plate, and a cylinder used for poking the switch, a cylinder is arranged on the side surface of the machine body, and the cylinder controls the cylinder to poke the switch; a baffle is further arranged in the machine body and installed below the column body, the switch opening and closing dust removal testing machine conducts performance testing on a switch of equipment by simulating on-off operation of the switch in actual use, the reliability, durability and possible fault points of the switch are known, and therefore necessary improvement or maintenance is conducted. Through accurate control of the air cylinder, the testing machine can carry out multiple times of repeated testing on the switch under different conditions so as to obtain more accurate and comprehensive testing data, when the switch carries out opening and closing operation, tiny dust or particles can be generated, and the dust can be effectively received and prevented from being diffused into the testing machine through the arrangement of the baffle.

This application provides a component testing method, apparatus, electronic device, and storage medium. The method includes: after a version update of a target component, obtaining a target set of test points corresponding to the target component, wherein the target component is a shared component of N applications; when the target component is integrated into a first application among the N applications, receiving test point data reported by the first application; based on the test point data, determining a first set of test points, including already tested test points, corresponding to the target set of test points in the first application; and outputting the test point status corresponding to the target set of test points based on the comparison result between the first set of test points and the target set of test points, so as to determine the test points based on the test points when the target component is integrated into a second application; wherein the second application is an application among the N applications that is distinct from the first application. This application can avoid repeated testing of the target component or perform target component testing at a very low cost, thereby saving component testing costs.

The invention belongs to the technical field of wear resistance testing, and particularly relates to a wear resistance testing device and method for a luggage pull rod. Comprising a test box; a notch is formed in the test box; a box body is placed in the test box; the box body is positioned in the notch; a pull rod is slidably arranged on the side of the box; a position control clamping unit is arranged on the test box; the position control clamping unit comprises a first base; the two first bases are both mounted at the bottom of the test box; the two ends of the position control lead screw are connected to the opposite faces of the two first bases correspondingly. Two thread areas are symmetrically arranged on the position control screw rod; the thread directions of the two thread areas are opposite; the double-action testing device is arranged on the testing box; the double-action testing device comprises a limiting chute which is arranged at the bottom of the testing box in a penetrating manner; the limiting chute extends to the inner bottom surface of the test box; the pull rod can be smoothly pulled by the device, the device is prevented from being clamped due to the self-locking function of the device in the testing process, the testing effect and efficiency of the device are improved, and the limitation of the device in practical application is reduced.

The utility model discloses an anti-aging testing device for a server shell, which belongs to the technical field of anti-aging testing of server shells, and comprises a testing structure, the front side of the testing structure is rotatably connected with a box door, the inner wall of the testing structure is in bolted connection with a placing frame, the top of the placing frame is provided with a movable assembly, and the movable assembly is connected with the box door. The left side and the right side of the movable assembly are in bolted connection with mounting frames, and placement mechanisms are inserted into the inner walls of the mounting frames, so that the problems that most of existing server shell anti-aging test devices are not provided with shell quick taking structures, and when a large number of repeated tests need to be carried out or a plurality of server shells of different models need to be tested, the test time is shortened, and the test efficiency is improved are solved. The problems that the test progress is affected more obviously due to inconvenience, and the server shell is affected by aging of different degrees in different temperature areas, so that the aging conditions experienced by different parts of the shell are inconsistent are solved.

The invention relates to the technical field of software testing, in particular to an automatic software test case generation method and system based on machine learning, and the method comprises the steps: S1, generating an initial population matrix; s2, calculating an action selection probability and selecting an action operator; s3, generating an action result vector; s4, forming a comprehensive index vector; s5, calculating the fitness score of the current iteration round; s6, under the condition of local convergence or insufficient coverage, dynamic step length updating is carried out on the strategy parameters; s7, step length updating is carried out on the coverage initial excitation weight and the diversity initial excitation weight; and step S8, outputting a test data set with an optimal coverage rate and removing structural repeated test samples. According to the method, the test case coverage rate is optimized by dynamically adjusting strategy parameters, diverse incentive weights and removing coverage structures, the local convergence problem is solved, and the automatic test efficiency and comprehensiveness are improved.

The utility model relates to the technical field of adhesion force testing, and discloses an adhesion force testing mechanism of a bionic adhesion material, which comprises a bottom plate, the right side of the upper part of the bottom plate is fixedly connected with a measuring assembly, the measuring assembly is used for measuring the bionic adhesion material, the two sides of the upper part of the bottom plate are fixedly connected with fixing frames, and the fixing frames are used for fixing the bionic adhesion material. A second motor is fixedly connected to the front side of the fixing frame, a rotating shaft is fixedly connected to the output end of the second motor, gears are fixedly connected to the two sides of the outer portion of the rotating shaft, rack plates are connected to the upper sides of the gears in an engaged mode, and fixing frames are fixedly connected to the upper sides of the rack plates. According to the utility model, the purpose of repeated testing under different experimental conditions is realized, high repeatability and controllability of test data are ensured, personal errors are reduced, and different temperature conditions can be simulated and tested, so that the performance of a test material in practical application is tested.

The invention discloses a novel multi-angle head drop hammer impact device and a testing method. The device adopts a servo drive fixture to assemble the drop hammer, so as to avoid electromagnetic interference and friction of a motor shaft, and improve the repeatability and accuracy of the experimental results. The supporting arc plate and the bottom plate for clamping the head model are fastened by tooth meshing in two directions, so that the fastening effect is extremely high, and it is not easy to be swayed when subjected to the impact of the drop hammer, and the fastening method is simple and easy to operate, which is convenient for rapid repeated testing. An active mounting structure is provided between the hammer head and the impact plate, so that the position of the hammer head can be finely adjusted in all directions, so as to adjust the position deviation caused by the tooth meshing. In addition, a gel ice and snow plate is arranged around the head model, so as to control the actual temperature on the head model, and can simulate the impact effect under low temperature.

The application discloses a test method and a cleaning device, and relates to the technical field of cleaning devices, wherein the test method comprises the following steps: acquiring at least one test mode of the cleaning device; determining a control signal corresponding to a spraying execution component of the cleaning device based on the test mode; controlling the spraying execution component to spray cleaning liquid based on the control signal, and determining a cleaning liquid coverage result based on the distribution of the cleaning liquid on the surface of a target area. The method of the application realizes objective quantification and repeatable testing of the coverage effect, significantly improves the test efficiency, and reduces resource waste caused by subjective judgment and repeated experiments.

The invention relates to the technical field of audiology detection, and provides a broadband tympanic chamber immittance map measurement method and system based on constant voltage-repeated broadband excitation, and the method comprises the steps: 1, standard sound calibration; 2, setting parameters before testing; 3, performing test preparation and wearing detection on the patient; 4, single-air-pressure-point constant-pressure control and stabilization are carried out; 5, broadband excitation playing, signal acquisition and quality guarantee are carried out; 6, performing frequency domain analysis and data storage; 7, multiple air pressure points are repeatedly tested; step 8, performing three-dimensional visualization and report generation; the broadband acoustic signal is adopted as an excitation source, the full-band acoustic response can be synchronously excited through single playing, and point-by-point frequency scanning in a traditional method is not needed; the single complete test time is shortened to be within 30 seconds from several minutes of traditional equipment, so that the detection efficiency is greatly improved, and the tolerance and experience of a patient are improved.

A method for detecting thoracic aortic aneurysm (TAA) or predisposition to TAA in a subject comprises measuring the amount of tetrahydrobiopterin (H4B) present in the test sample; and comparing a measured amount of HUB to a standard amount of H4B. A decreased amount of H4B present in the test sample compared to the standard is indicative of TAA or predisposition to TAA. The method can further comprise identifying a candidate for further testing or monitoring for TAA, such as by ultrasound or by repeated testing for H4B after one or more designated intervals. The method can also further comprise prescribing treatment for TAA to the subject, such as with folic acid therapy, and / or DHFR therapy, including gene therapy, and other therapies effective for recoupling eNOS and / or therapies targeting uncoupled eNOS. Methods are also described for monitoring the efficacy of treatment of TAA, and for evaluating the severity of TAA or risk of TAA.

The invention discloses a clock-free four-port multi-address wafer acceptance test structure and a test method thereof. A test structure composed of four ports, N triggers and N layers of tree-shaped gating circuits successfully breaks through the limitation of a traditional test structure on the basis that an existing WAT test machine table and a test needle card do not need to be changed at all. Through cooperative work of the signal port, the beat port, the power supply port and the grounding port with the test machine and ingenious combination of the trigger and the tree-shaped gating circuit, a large number (dozens, hundreds and even thousands) of test structures can be tested very efficiently. Time waste and resource consumption caused by repeated testing of the TestKey are completely avoided, and testing efficiency and flexibility are greatly improved.

The invention belongs to the technical field of memory testing, and discloses memory multi-stage screening equipment and method.The equipment comprises a feeding area, a testing area, a cache area and a discharging area; the feeding area is used for providing a feeding station for the tested device and carrying the tested device to the cache area; the test area is used for carrying the tested device in the cache area to the test area, carrying out multiple rounds of tests on the tested device carried to the test area, and adjusting test parameters of the tested device in each round of test; after each round of test, the tested device after the round of test is carried to a cache region for temporary cache; the cache region is used for providing a temporary cache station for a tested device needing to be tested for multiple rounds of tests; and the blanking area is used for providing a blanking station for the tested device of which the test needs to be finished. According to the invention, the workload of operators can be reduced, and the efficiency of repeated testing is improved.

The invention discloses a self-test type three-path receiving locomotive inductor, which comprises the following steps of: generating a test signal through a signal generator, simulating signal characteristics in an actual working environment, filtering an interference signal by using a band-pass filter, and adjusting the signal to a voltage range suitable for ADC (Analog to Digital Converter) sampling, the method comprises the following steps: extracting signal amplitude, frequency and error characteristics, classifying the signal characteristics to quantify the performance of a receiving coil, automatically adjusting the included angle of a test coil and the signal amplitude, recording and transmitting test data to realize remote monitoring and visualization, and performing signal analysis by using FFT, wavelet transform and an autoregression model. A machine learning model is utilized to classify signals and detect anomalies, test parameters are dynamically adjusted in combination with particle swarm optimization, and multiple working conditions and repeated tests are designed in a laboratory environment to verify the stability and reliability of the system. The method does not need to depend on an external detection platform, can achieve an efficient and accurate self-detection function in a complex environment, and is suitable for operation monitoring and maintenance of railway locomotive signals.

The utility model discloses a steer-by-wire testing device. The testing device comprises a base, a drive-by-wire testing assembly arranged on the surface of the base and a connecting and fixing assembly arranged on the surface of the base, the drive-by-wire testing assembly comprises a drive-by-wire steering module detachably connected to the surface of the base, a stepping motor is arranged on the surface of the base, and a sensor is detachably connected to the surface of the base. The research and development of the steer-by-wire module test system can realize automatic identification of the test module through a program, realizes automatic burning, automatic acquisition and storage of test data, and automatic printing and output of information such as product material number version bar codes, and when the test becomes more complex or the test is required to be repeated, the test data can be automatically recorded. The test system can automatically complete all processes of signal switching, measurement and recording, even analysis of passing and failure results, and after the DUT is placed in the clamp, the test system automatically runs all tests, so that the best test speed, reliability and repeatability can be realized, and the development is relatively economical and practical.

The utility model discloses a position-adjustable water body drug residue monitoring device, relates to the technical field of water body drug residue monitoring, and aims to solve the problems that an existing monitoring device is inconvenient to extract water bodies at different depths, data are easily influenced during repeated detection, and the accuracy needs to be improved. According to the technical scheme, the device is characterized by comprising a fixing frame, the inner side of the fixing frame is fixedly connected with a sliding rod, the sliding rod is slidably sleeved with a lifting table, a motor is fixedly installed on the upper end face of the fixing frame, one end of a rotating shaft of the motor is fixedly connected with a threaded rod, and the threaded rod penetrates through a threaded hole in the outer surface of the lifting table; and the other end of the screw rod is rotationally connected to the end surface of the inner side of the fixed frame. The effects that the water bodies at different depths can be flexibly and conveniently extracted, meanwhile, the data can be prevented from being influenced by the water body detected last time when the water bodies at different depths are detected, and practicability is high are achieved.

The invention provides a capacitance test method and device for a wafer and electronic equipment, and the method comprises the steps: reading the test information of a to-be-tested object before an empty pin capacitance test; generating a judgment variable based on common information in the test information; determining whether a corresponding empty needle capacitance value exists based on the judgment variable; if not, carrying out an empty needle test on the to-be-tested object according to the test information, and associating an empty needle capacitance value obtained by the test with the judgment variable; if yes, the existing empty needle capacitance value is automatically obtained. In the mode, the test information such as the test object and the test parameter is taken as the common information, whether the empty pin capacitor exists is determined based on the judgment of the global variable, the empty pin capacitor can not be repeatedly tested, the productivity is improved, and the production efficiency is improved; meanwhile, the needle lifting / pricking frequency is greatly reduced, the service life of the needle card is prolonged, and the cost is reduced.

The invention relates to an efficient microscopic analysis device, comprising a bottom plate, a side plate is fixed on one side of the top of the bottom plate, a material taking mechanism is arranged on one side of the top of the bottom plate, a transfer mechanism is fixed on the other side of the top of the bottom plate, the material taking mechanism comprises a material taking barrel rotatably connected to the top of the bottom plate, a plurality of flip plates are arranged on the outer surface of the material taking barrel, a clamping frame is rotatably connected to the top of one side of the flip plate, a first telescopic cylinder is fixed on the bottom of one side of the flip plate; a lifting seat is arranged on one side of the top of the side plate, a microscopic examination component is fixed below the lifting seat, and the microscopic examination component is used for testing test paper; the problem in the prior art that the microscopic examination of a solution to be tested often requires manual holding and clamping, a large amount of preparation time is wasted for tests requiring repeated testing, and the testing efficiency is low; at the same time, the testing range of the test paper is limited, comprehensive testing of the test paper cannot be guaranteed, and the testing effect is poor.