The invention discloses a water-based thermal insulating nano-coating, which is characterized by being composed of the following components by mass percent: 10-20% of tap water, 45-55% of water-based acrylic emulsion, 10-15% of a high-refractive index pigment, 3-5% of a filler, 2-15% of a thermal insulation material, 0.1-0.3% of a wetting agent, 0.5-1.5% of a dispersant A, 0.1-0.2% of a flatting agent, 1-2% of an antifreezing agent, 0.1-0.3% of a defoamer, 1-3% of a coalescing agent, 0.2-0.6% of a thickening agent, 0.05-0.2% of a mildew resistant antibacterial agent and 1-10% of a water-based nano slurry. The water-based thermal insulating nano-coating has the beneficial effects that the coating layer is low in thickness, good in adhesion, high in shock strength and excellent in combination properties, the sunlight reflectivity and hemispherical emissivity of the nano-coating are high and the thermal insulation property of the nano-coating is excellent, the nano-coating is simple and easy to apply and can be directly sprayed, and compared with a solvent type coating, the VOC (Volatile Organic Compound) content of the water-based nano-coating is greatly reduced and the water-based thermal insulating nano-coating has extremely high environmental protection performance.