39results about "Chlorine production" patented technology

An Electrolysis cell assembly to produce diluted Sodium Hydroxide solutions (NAOH) and diluted Hypochlorous Acid (HOCL) solutions having cleaning and sanitizing properties. The electrolysis cell consists of two insulating end pieces for a cylindrical electrolysis cell comprising at least two cylindrical electrodes with two cylindrical diaphragms arranged co-axially between them. The method of producing different volumes and concentrations of diluted NAOH solutions and diluted HOCL solutions comprises recirculating an aqueous sodium chloride or potassium chloride solution into the middle chamber of the cylindrical electrolytic cell and feeding softened filtered water into the cathode chamber and into the anode chamber of the cylindrical electrolysis cell.

A process for producing chlorine comprising the step of oxidizing hydrogen chloride in a gas containing hydrogen chloride with a gas containing oxygen in the presence of a catalyst, wherein the oxidation of hydrogen chloride is carried out in at least two reaction zones each comprising a catalyst-packed layer, which are arranged in series, and a temperature in at least one of said reaction zones is controlled with a heat exchange system. According to this process, the stable activity of the catalyst is maintained and chlorine can be stably obtained at a high yield since the excessive hot spot in the catalyst-packed layer is suppressed and the catalyst-packed layer can be effectively used.

Processes for the production of chlorine by multi-stage oxidation, for example, by thermal reaction of hydrogen chloride with oxygen using catalysts or by non-thermal activated reaction of hydrogen chloride with oxygen, in which the gas mixture formed in the reaction, comprising the target products chlorine and water, unreacted hydrogen chloride and oxygen, and possibly other secondary constituents, such as carbon dioxide and nitrogen, (a) is cooled to condense hydrochloric acid as an aqueous solution of hydrogen chloride and (b) the aqueous solution of hydrogen chloride formed is separated from the gas mixture, characterised in that (c) the separated aqueous solution of hydrogen chloride is fed at least partially to an electrochemical oxidation in which at least part of the hydrogen chloride is oxidised to chlorine, (d) the chlorine gas occurring in step d) is optionally added to the gas mixture occurring in step c), (e) the residues of water present in the gas mixture from steps c) and e), in particular by washing with sulfuric acid, are removed, (f) the chlorine-rich gas mixture forming is freed of oxygen and optionally of secondary constituents.

Embodiments of the disclosure are directed to conversion of renewable energy such as solar, wind, falling water, wave and biomass resources into energy forms for practical transport by existing electricity and natural gas transport systems and includes embodiments for cyclic conversion of rectilinear forces into electricity wherein charged particles force a separate population of charged particles to flow in a separate circuit to create an electric current. Forces exerted at a first frequency are converted into cyclic electrical current at a frequency that is a multiple of the frequency of the forces. Similar arrangements are provided for conversion of rotary forces into electricity. Components of the disclosure can be manufactured at a high rate from very low cost materials with minimum energy requirements for the purpose of generation of low-cost electricity from linear motion engines and renewable forces such as ocean waves and flowing fluids such as water or air. Corrosion and biofouling are eliminated by application of cathodic and chemical treatments produced by the operation of the disclosure. Various embodiments of the disclosure allow improved cogeneration and motor vehicles, household appliances, and industrial equipment to be operated on energy converted from rectilinear forces.

Processes comprising: providing a crude gas stream having a temperature not exceeding 40° C., the crude gas stream comprising hydrogen chloride and at least one organic impurity; condensing at least a portion of the at least one organic impurity from the crude gas stream at a temperature not exceeding 0° C. to form a prepurified gas stream and a condensate comprising condensed organic impurity; subjecting at least a portion of the prepurified gas stream to adsorption on an adsorption medium to provide a purified gas stream; and separating the condensate into at least a head gas stream comprising residual hydrogen chloride and a sump stream comprising at least a portion of the condensed organic impurity.

An ion-exchange membrane method electrolytic cell comprising a coil cushion arranged between a conductive plate and a cathode in a cathode chamber, and further an ion-exchange membrane arranged in contact with the cathode. The conductive plate is not perforated, and the coil cushion is arranged so that its axial direction is in agreement with the vertical direction of electrolytic cell. Preferably the coil cushion is made of a metal coil and has an impact resilience of 7-17 kPa. The cathode preferably has supported electrode catalyst and is made of an expanded metal with strands of 0.1-1.0 mm width and 0.1-1.0 mm thickness, and having SW of 0.5-5.0 mm and LW of 1.0-10 mm, and 48-60% open area. The electrolytic cell is energy-saving, and damage thereof can be avoided over a long period, and elevation of voltage and reduction of current efficiency with time can be minimized.

An improved catalyst coating comprising electrocatalytically active components based on ruthenium oxide and titanium oxide, especially for use in chloralkali electrolysis, is described. A production process for the catalyst coating and a novel electrode is also described.

The present invention relates to a catalyst for producing chlorine by oxidation of hydrogen chloride and a method for preparing the same. The catalyst comprises a support and active ingredients that comprise 1-20 wt % of copper, 0.01-5 wt % of boron, 0.1-10 wt % of alkali metal element(s), 0.1-15 wt % of one or more rare earth elements, and 0-10 wt % of one or more elements selected from magnesium, calcium, barium, manganese, iron, nickel, cobalt, zinc, ruthenium or titanium based on the total weight of the catalyst. The catalyst is prepared by a two-step impregnation method. Comparing with the available catalysts of the same type, the catalyst according to the present invention has greatly improved conversion and stability.

Processes are described comprising: providing a crude gas stream having a temperature not exceeding 40° C., the crude gas stream comprising at least one organic impurity; condensing at least a portion of the at least one organic impurity from the crude gas stream at a temperature not exceeding 0° C. to form a prepurified gas stream; and subjecting (at least a portion, preferably substantially all, and more preferably the entirety, of) the prepurified gas stream to adsorption on a first adsorption medium to provide a purified gas stream; wherein the first adsorption medium is subjected to a regeneration comprising: (i) providing a circulating inert gas stream having a temperature of at least 100° C.; (ii) passing the circulating inert gas stream over the first adsorption medium to form an organic impurity-loaded inert gas stream; (iii) cooling the loaded inert gas stream to a temperature not exceeding 40° C.; (iv) condensing at least a portion of the organic impurity from the cooled, loaded inert gas stream to provide a prepurified circulating inert gas stream; subjecting (at least a portion, preferably substantially all, and more preferably the entirety, of) the prepurified circulating inert gas stream to adsorption on a second adsorption medium to provide a purified circulating inert gas stream; and recycling the purified circulating inert gas stream to the circulating inert gas stream.

Disclosed is a process for producing chlorine, which makes it possible to successfully continue an oxidation reaction, even if sulfur component-containing hydrogen chloride is used. This process comprises a step of feeding sulfur component-containing hydrogen chloride and oxygen into a reaction tube 1 comprising a catalyst packed bed 10, to thereby oxidize the hydrogen chloride to produce chlorine, wherein the catalyst packed bed 10 includes an alumina-mixed catalyst packed bed 20 formed of a mixture of a catalyst 3 with alumina (or a diluent 4), and wherein the BET specific surface area of the alumina is from 10 to 500 m²/g. Preferably, the alumina is γ-alumina and/or θ-alumina.

An object of the present invention is to provide a novel method for producing chlorine, by which it is possible to remove impurities contained with hydrogen chloride in a raw material gas and further to recover unreacted hydrogen chloride after an oxidation reaction efficiently in a method for producing chlorine by oxidizing hydrogen chloride. The method of the present invention for producing chlorine includes [1] an oxidation step of oxidizing hydrogen chloride in a raw material gas containing the hydrogen chloride and impurities with a gas containing oxygen, thereby obtaining a gas containing chlorine, water, unreacted hydrogen chloride, and unreacted oxygen; [2] an absorption step of bringing the gas containing chlorine, water, unreacted hydrogen chloride, and unreacted oxygen obtained in the oxidation step into contact with an absorbent liquid including water or aqueous hydrochloric acid or cooling the gas, thereby recovering unreacted hydrogen chloride in the form of a solution containing hydrogen chloride and water as main components and simultaneously obtaining a gas containing chlorine and unreacted oxygen as main components; and [3] a stripping step of distilling the solution obtained in the absorption step, thereby obtaining a gas containing hydrogen chloride as a main component, wherein the gas obtained in the stripping step, which contains hydrogen chloride as a main component and contains 5 to 50% by volume of water, is recovered and mixed with the raw material gas.

A process of producing chlorine gas by catalytic oxidation of hydrogen chloride including: incorporating an oxidizing agent such as ozone, hydrogen peroxide solution etc. into a gas stream of hydrogen chloride containing impurities, conducting oxidation pretreatment of the gas stream under the action of ultrasonic wave, such that the impurities contained in the gas stream are oxidized; wherein the oxidizing agent does not generate additional or new impurities in the reaction system, where the gas stream obtained after the oxidation pretreatment is allowed to pass through a separating device wherein the oxidized impurities in the form of liquid and/or the oxidized impurities in the form of solid are removed from the gas stream so as to obtain a purified gas stream of hydrogen chloride, and thereafter the purified gas stream of hydrogen chloride is well mixed with a gas stream containing molecular oxygen, the resultant gas mixture is preheated to a reaction temperature, and then catalytically oxidized to produce chlorine gas, thus by means of oxidation pretreatment and separation, the process can remove efficiently the sulfur-containing impurities, the halogen-containing impurities, hydrocarbon impurities and the like from the gas stream of hydrogen chloride, and does not generate additional impurities.

The present disclosure is directed to a system and method of providing energy to a dwelling. An engine is housed within an inner tank, which is in turn housed within an outer tank. The engine provides electricity which is used for a dwelling. Exhaust fumes from the engine are piped through a series of heat- exchanging tubes within the outer tank to heat potable water within the outer tank. Water enters the potable tank at a bottom of the tank, and warms as it rises through the outer tank toward an outlet near a top of the outer tank. Hot, potable water is provided from the top of the outer tank to the dwelling. Condensate from the exhaust is captured and used as potable water. Heat, vibration, and acoustic energy from the engine is captured by the fluid in the inner tank and transferred to the outer tank.

The invention discloses a method for producing potassium sulphate fertilizer magnesium metal PVC and liquid chlorine hydrochloric acid through carnallite. According to the technical route, firstly, the carnallite is dissolved with water and then is crystallized, potassium chloride and magnesium chloride hexahydrate contained in the carnallite are separated and purified; then, the magnesium chloride hexahydrate is electrolyzed through the improved Norsk Hydro process to prepare magnesium metal and chlorine; thirdly, a potassium chloride solution and concentrated sulfuric acid are subjected to a chemical reaction under a heated condition to prepare potassium sulfate fertilizer and hydrogen chloride; finally, secondary products including chloride and hydrogen chloride are used for producing liquid chlorine PVC or hydrochloric acid; the sylvite production raw material carnallite can be comprehensively utilized fully. A method for producing sulfuric acid sodium carbonate through natural sulfate (magnesium sulfate and mirabilite) in sylvite residues, a solvay process for producing sodium carbonate and a calcium carbide method for producing PVC are commonly applied, a plant is reasonably planned and established beside a salt lake, scientific cooperative production is achieved, resources can be comprehensively and circularly utilized, energy is saved, emission is reduced, consumption is reduced, and the environment protection is achieved.

In one embodiment of the present invention, a system for providing a renewable source of material resources is provided comprising: a first source of renewable energy; first stream of materials from a first materials source; an electrolyzer coupled to the first source of renewable energy and the first stream of materials, wherein the electrolyzer is configured to produce a first material resource by electrolysis; a processor for further processing or use or the material resource to produce a second material resource, wherein the processor comprises a solar collector and where the solar collector is configured to provide heat to the first materials resource for disassociation; and a material resource storage coupled to the electrolyzer for receiving the material resource from the electrolyzer or providing the material resource to the processor for further processing or use.

In one embodiment of the present invention, a method for providing an energy supply using a renewable energy source is provided comprising: providing a first source of renewable energy, wherein the first source of renewable energy is intermittent or does not provide a sufficient amount of energy; providing energy from the first source of renewable energy to an electrolyzer to produce an energy carrier through electrolysis; selectably reversing the electrolyzer for use as a fuel cell; and providing the energy carrier to the electrolyzer for the production of energy.