The invention relates to a slide-valve vacuum pump suitable for a tile vacuum extruder, belongs to the technical field of vacuum pumps, is suitable for the industries of building materials, chemical engineering, medicines, electrons and ceramics as vacuum extraction equipment, and is especially suitable for the slide-valve vacuum pump used in the tile vacuum extruder. The slide-valve vacuum pump comprises an air inlet fine filter, a one-way check valve, a pump body, a one-piece slide bar and sliding sleeve, an eccentric wheel, a one-piece slide block, a main shaft, a belt pulley, a belt, a motor, an exhaust valve, a first exhaust oil-gas separation chamber, a second exhaust oil-gas separation chamber, a third exhaust oil-gas separation chamber, a pump oil cyclic cooling device and a base; the air inlet fine filter is arranged on a vacuum pump air inlet pipe on one side of the pump body through the one-way check valve; the air inlet fine filter comprises a shell, a fine filter filtering element, an air passing pipe, a cover board and a seal ring; and the one-way check valve comprises a valve body, a one-way check valve air inlet, a one-way check valve air outlet, a one-way check valve core, a valve core mounting base and a spring.