A water resource storage and comprehensive utilization system includes a water discharging gate, an artificial lake, a power generating set, a viaduct bridge, an aqueduct, a water feeding gate, deep water channels, a diversion canal, and a water raising dam; the aqueduct is laid on the viaduct bridge, river water on an upstream of a river is guided to a downstream certain position to form the artificial lake, and water storage, power generating and water cleaning can be achieved; the deep water channels are dug in a bed of the river and the artificial lake, and in this way, the water storage amount is increased, land occupation can be avoided, and river flood discharge cannot be affected. The artificial lake can be dug in places which are near cities or flat areas, do not have a lake forming condition, are high in terrain, and cannot allow rivers to flow, the artificial lake can receive water from the river channel and processed and discharged city sewage, the wetland environment of the artificial lake can clean the water, and power generating can be achieved. The water resource storage and comprehensive utilization system is simple, cheap and effective, can solve the problem of water shortage of cities or north areas to the greatest extent, and has a certain advantage in comparison with the South-to-North water diversion project and a sea water desalination project.