The invention provides a portable heat preservation box. The box is composed of plates with good heat insulation performance, and comprises the side plates, the upper cover plate and the lower cover plate. The sides, opposite to each other, of the upper cover plate and the lower cover plate are both provided with a homocentric-squares-shaped groove; the side plates are provided with convex structures matched and connected with the grooves in an inserted mode; a heat preservation containing cavity is spliced after the side plates, the upper cover plate and the lower cover plate are connected inan inserted mode; the side, towards the heat preservation containing cavity, of each side plate is provided with a groove which is concave inwards in the direction away from the heat preservation containing cavity; cold sources are arranged in the grooves. When used, the novel structure heat preservation box can be installed into a transportation cold chain heat preservation box; when a box bodyreturns, the box can be detached into the plates, so that recycling and transportation are facilitated; the convex-concave structures on all sides of the box body have the function of a combined heatpreservation box, the box body can be well sealed, and a good heat preservation effect is achieved due to heat insulation.