The invention relates to the technical field of algae culture and photosynthetic bacteria culture, and discloses an anti-pollution circulating runway type culture system based on algae and photosynthetic bacteria culture. The system comprises a feeding tank, a remote main system controller, a power system, a spraying system, an oxygen supply system, a temperature control system, a PH control system, a spectrum control system, a daytime and night mode and a liquid conveying system, wherein the main control system is connected with the power system, the spraying system, the oxygen supply system, the temperature control system, the PH control system, the spectrum control system, the daytime and night mode, the spraying system, the oxygen supply system and the liquid conveying system. According to the anti-pollution circulating runway type culture system based on algae and photosynthetic bacteria culture, algae plants and photosynthetic bacteria are cultured in the mode, the culture density is high, the harvesting efficiency is remarkably improved, the culture conditions are easy to control, high-density culture is easy to realize, metabolite accumulation is facilitated, the system is not limited by regional environments, the production period is long, and production can be carried out all the year round.