A high-strength and low-thermal-conduction foamed ceramic, a composite board using the foamed ceramic, and a preparation method thereof. The synthetic raw materials of the foamed ceramic include the following materials: magnesium source, aluminum source, silicon source, zinc source, foaming agent, The foamed ceramic contains magnesium-zinc spinel generated in situ. In this application, the zinc source is used as a catalyst. During the heating process, enstatite and magnesium-zinc spinel solid solutions are first formed. As the temperature increases, enstatite gradually dissolves, and the amount of magnesium-zinc spinel solid solutions gradually increases; During the high-temperature foaming process, the in-situ synthesized magnesium-zinc spinel solid solution crystallites have a pinning effect in the melt, which can reduce the rate of melt viscosity drop, effectively control the abnormal increase of pores, and obtain good uniformity of the pores. , Small-sized foamed ceramics.