The invention discloses a device and method for realizing methane production and anaerobic ammonia oxidation integrated carbon and nitrogen removal, and belongs to the field of wastewater treatment. The main body belongs to a biological filter process and is provided with a cylindrical reaction device, a water inlet system, a temperature control system, a dosing system, a pH monitoring system, a gas collection system and a light-shielding protection system. According to the implementation of the methane production and anaerobic ammonia oxidation integrated carbon and nitrogen removal process,essentially, layered culture and optimization of different functional florae (mainly including two major types, namely, methane production related florae and anaerobic ammonia oxidation bacteria) arecarried out in a filter tank, that is, different microorganisms are cultured at different filter material heights, and the methane production related florae are located at the lower part of the filtertank, and the anaerobic ammonia oxidation bacteria are located at the upper part. Sewage enters the reaction device from bottom to top, organic matter removal and methane production are conducted firstly, then denitrification is conducted through anaerobic ammonium oxidation bacteria, and finally simultaneous carbon removal, denitrification and methane production in the single reaction device areachieved.