A battery separator has performance enhancing additives or coatings, fillers with increased 
friability, increased 
ionic diffusion, decreased 
tortuosity, increased wettability, reduced 
oil content, reduced thickness, decreased electrical resistance, and / or increased 
porosity. The separator in a battery reduces the water loss, lowers acid stratification, lowers the 
voltage drop, and / or increases the CCA. The separators include or exhibit performance enhancing additives or coatings, increased 
porosity, increased 
void volume, 
amorphous silica, higher 
oil absorption silica, higher 
silanol group silica, reduced electrical resistance, a shish-kebab structure or morphology, a 
polyolefin microporous membrane containing particle-like filler in an amount of 40% or more by weight of the membrane and 
ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene having shish-kebab formations and the average repetition periodicity of the kebab formation from 1 nm to 150 nm, decreased sheet thickness, decreased 
tortuosity, separators especially well-suited for enhanced flooded batteries.