The invention discloses a pipeline outer wall rust removal device for civil engineering. The rust removal device comprises a base, two side plates are symmetrically and fixedly arranged on the left side and the right side of the base, a top plate is fixedly arranged at the tops of the side plates, two first motors are symmetrically and fixedly arranged on the inner sides of the two side plates, rotating discs are fixedly connected to the output ends of the first motors, grooves are uniformly formed in the outer sides of the rotating discs, electric push rods are fixedly arranged in the grooves, anti-skid sheets are fixedly arranged at the output ends of the electric push rods, a first screw is arranged on the lower side of the top plate, a first nut is connected to the first screw in a threaded mode, a mounting frame I is fixedly arranged at the lower end of the first nut, a second screw is arranged on the lower side of the mounting frame I in a rotating mode, supports are fixedly arranged at the lower ends of second nuts, mounting frames II are fixedly arranged on the inner sides of the supports, and a plurality of grinding rollers are arranged on the inner sides of the mounting frames in a rotating mode. The rust removal device has the advantages that rust removal is rapid, in addition, the effect is excellent, the body health of workers can be protected, and meanwhile, the environment quality of a grinding workshop can be improved.