The invention relates to a longitudinal-circulation autoclave provided with an external thermal-cold cycling device. The longitudinal-circulation autoclave comprises a main tank body, air suction connection pipelines, air blowing connection pipelines and the thermal-cold cycling device, wherein the main tank body is connected with airflow distributors through the air suction connection pipelines and the air blowing connection pipelines respectively; the thermal-cold cycling device is located outside the main tank body. According to the autoclave with the structure, the complicated heating, cooling and circulating device is moved out of the main tank body, and loading rate is remarkably increased; the circulation path is shortened by means of a new longitudinal-circulation mode, and under cooperation with the airflow distributors, the temperature distribution in the tank is uniform, vertical temperature difference is reduced, and front and back temperature difference is almost zero; with adoption of an electromagnetic heating mode with higher efficiency, not only is energy saved, but also efficiency is remarkably improved; the external thermal-cold cycling device can be wholly replaced and dismounted for maintenance due to presence of spare parts, and the condition of production delay caused by equipment failure maintenance is avoided.