The invention provides a recovery method for valuable metals in copper anode slime, and belongs to the technical field of comprehensive treatment of the copper anode slime. According to the recovery method, selenium, copper, tellurium, arsenic, lead, bismuth and precious metal gold and silver in the copper anode slime are efficiently recovered, a two-step vacuum carbon thermal reduction method is adopted to replace anode slime reduction smelting and precious lead step-by-step blowing in a traditional pyrogenic process, and emission of arsenic-containing smoke dust in a traditional process is avoided. Gold-rich residues obtained through the recovery method hardly contain base metal lead, the bismuth, the antimony, the arsenic and the like, gold powder can be obtained after chlorination gold separation and reduction, compared with the traditional process, the content of base metals is lower, the output slag amount is greatly reduced, the production period is greatly shortened, and the loss of precious metals in the slag is reduced. According to the whole recovery method, the recovery period of the precious metals is shortened, the direct recovery rate of the valuable metals is increased, the vacuum carbon thermal reduction process is a closed system, the whole process avoids smoke emission, the working environment is improved, meanwhile, the arsenic recovery and emission problem is solved, and the process is simple and environmentally friendly.