The invention discloses a fluorescent quantitative test paper strip for simultaneously detecting algal toxins MC-LR/RR/YR in a water body and a preparation method and application of the fluorescent quantitative test paper strip. The preparation method comprises the following steps: firstly, marking specific antibodies and rabbit IgG of three algal toxins by using fluorescent microspheres, and drying the three algal toxins on a fluorescent combining pad; sequentially drawing detection lines T1, T2 and T3 of conjugate of the three algal toxins and bovine serum protein and a goat anti-rabbit quality control line C on an NC membrane; finally assembling the test paper strip, namely, sequentially lapping and adhering a sample pad, a fluorescent marker conjugate pad, a nitrocellulose membrane with the three detection lines (T1, T2 and T3 lines) and one quality control line (line C), and a piece of water absorbing paper to a PVC hard board, after the components are assembled, shearing so as to obtain the test paper strip, and finally packaging the test paper strip in a plastic shell. The detection sensitivity on the three algal toxins, of the test paper strip disclosed by the invention, is up to 0.05ng/ml, the quantitative linear range of the test paper strip is 0.1-10ng/ml, the sample needs no pretreatment, the detection time is only 6 minutes, and rapid quantitative detection on the three common algal toxins in water bodies can be achieved, so that the test paper strip has very high practical values.