The present application relates to the technical field of
plant genetic engineering, and specifically discloses a rice lateral small flower regulation
gene LF2, a
mutant gene thereof and application. The
nucleotide sequence of the rice lateral small flower regulation
gene LF2 is shown as SEQ ID No. 1, and the
amino acid sequence of the encoded
protein is shown as SEQ ID No. 2. The gene has an interaction relationship with OsNF-YA3, HAP3J, HAP5A, HAP5B, HAP5D, HAP5E, and regulates the development of rice
glume by regulating the expression of G1. The
mutant gene of the rice lateral small flower regulation gene LF2 is a single base substitution from T to A at the first base of the fourth
intron of the LOC_Os07g44210 gene, which causes mRNA splicing disorder to form various new transcripts, and the transcript sequences are shown as SEQ ID Nos. 3-6. The rice lateral small flower regulation gene LF2 and the
mutant gene thereof disclosed in the present application provide more evidence and basis for the "three-flower spikelet"
hypothesis and "three-flower spikelet" breeding, and provide a new gene for breeding to increase the number of spike grains, which has very important significance for further improving the yield of rice.