The invention discloses a system and method for calculating the surface adsorption diversity of a two-dimensional material under experimental condition. The method comprises analyzing the experimental environment of the two-dimensional material, establishing a relationship between the formation energy of functional groups of the two-dimensional material and the corresponding chemical potential, then enumerating all possible surface configurations, storing each structure with different surface functional group proportions and arrangements, carrying out relaxation on the structures, and calculating corresponding formation energy. Through high-throughput calculation, a formation energy database of the two-dimensional material under the experimental condition is established, and the proportion of the functional group with the lowest formation energy within the same chemical potential range under the experimental condition and the corresponding configuration are screened out. According to the system and the method, a method for unifying formation energy of different functional groups into a calculation formula is realized, and the formation energy of the functional groups on the surface of the two-dimensional material under the experimental condition is calculated by applying a high-throughput technology; the surface configuration of the two-dimensional material with excellent thermodynamic stability can be more accurately screened by the method, and beneficial help is provided for new material design.