32 results about "Pantoea agglomerans" patented technology

The invention provides pantoea agglomerans and application thereof, and belongs to the technical field of microorganisms, the strain is preserved in China General Microbiological Culture Collection Center (CGMCC), and the preservation number is CGMCC No.36122; the strain has very high selenium tolerance and transformation capacity, and can transform inorganic selenium (such as Se (IV)) with relatively high toxicity into organic selenium (such as selenomethionine and selenocystine) with low toxicity and zero-valent nano-selenium (Se0) in a culture medium containing sodium selenite. The pantoea agglomerans obtained by the invention has the characteristics of selenium-addictive microorganisms, and has potential application value in biotransformation of selenium, microbial synthesis of nano-selenium, and growth promotion and selenium enrichment of crops. The pantoea agglomerans can promote plant growth, a liquid fermentation process developed by the strain is utilized, the highest conversion rate of organic selenium can reach 92.5%, and the synthesis efficiency of nano-selenium reaches 88.3%. And development of organic selenium agricultural products is well facilitated.

The invention relates to the technical field of microorganisms, in particular to growth-promoting pantoea TY-88 and application thereof in promotion of waxy corn seed germination and seedling growth, the preservation unit of the growth-promoting pantoea TY-88 is China Center for Type Culture Collection, the preservation number is CCTCC NO: M 2025945, and the preservation date is April 30, 2025. The growth-promoting pantoea TY-88 provided by the invention has better capabilities in the aspects of phosphate solubilization, nitrogen fixation, potassium solubilization and siderophore production; when the biological agent prepared from the growth-promoting pantoea is used for seed soaking treatment, waxy corn seed germination, seedling growth and development and substance accumulation of the overground part and the underground part can be remarkably promoted, and economic benefits are improved on the premise that the environment is not polluted.

The application relates to the field of environment, resource utilization and agricultural biotechnology, and particularly relates to application of a composite solid phosphorus-solubilizing bacterial agent for repairing cadmium-polluted soil and improving soil quality, wherein the composite solid phosphorus-solubilizing bacterial agent comprises phosphorus-solubilizing bacteria, bone charcoal, culture medium and organic matrix; the phosphorus-solubilizing bacteria are Pantoea agglomerans CT-3 and Enterobacter hormaechei HS-6; the composite solid phosphorus-solubilizing bacterial agent is applied to Cd-polluted soil, and the biological availability of Cd in the soil is reduced by Pantoea agglomerans CT-3, Enterobacter hormaechei HS-6 and micron-nanometer multi-stage bone charcoal, and meanwhile, the soil quality is improved. The application can effectively promote the transformation of insoluble phosphate into soluble phosphate, so that the content of effective soil phosphorus is increased by 98.19%; on the other hand, the application can fix soil heavy metal Cd, so that the content of effective Cd in the soil is reduced by about 52.50%, has excellent Cd-fixing capacity, and can relieve the Cd stress of crops, and has good application value in repairing farmland Cd pollution, improving soil quality and environmental protection.

The invention discloses a Pantoea sp. ZC11L and an application thereof. The pantoea sp. ZC11L is preserved in the China General Microbiological Culture Collection Center (CGMCC) on November 16, 2023, and the preservation number is CGMCC No.29038. The pantoea sp. ZC11L has the advantages that the preservation number is CGMCC No.29038; the yield of indoleacetic acid (IAA) after 48-72 h of fermentation is 100-500 [mu] g / mL, the germination and growth promoting rate of coptis chinensis seeds is increased by 70-80%, and a microbial agent prepared from the pantoea ZC11L can be used for breeding and seedling raising of coptis chinensis and has the advantages of being efficient, safe, environmentally friendly and the like.

The pantoea agglomerans SE16 is classified and named as pantoea agglomerans, and is preserved in the China General Microbiological Culture Collection Center on October 17, 2024, the address is Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No.3, Beichen West Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, and the preservation number is CGMCC No. 32246. The bacterial strain is applied to strengthening phytoremediation of heavy metal pollution, improving soil nutrients, promoting plant growth and strengthening phytoremediation of pollutants. The strain has the functions of dissolving phosphorus, fixing nitrogen, producing iron carriers, producing indoleacetic acid, ACC deaminase and cellulase, resisting acid, resisting salt and the like, and also can tolerate various heavy metals, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and combined pollution of the heavy metals and the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons; by promoting the growth of the sudangrass, improving the photosynthesis of the sudangrass, relieving the oxidation pressure of the sudangrass and changing the composition of soil microbial communities, the toxicity of chromium to the sudangrass is relieved, and the method has practical popularization and application values.

The present invention addresses the problem of producing a high-purity low-molecular-weight lipopolysaccharide at low cost from a preserved bacterium that produces a high-purity low-molecular-weight lipopolysaccharide. The present invention relates to: a lipopolysaccharide obtained from a preserved bacterium obtained by causing a change in genetic information of conventional Pantoea agglomerans; a method for producing a lipopolysaccharide by which a lipopolysaccharide is obtained from the preserved bacterium; and a method for producing a lipopolysaccharide. Also disclosed is a lipopolysaccharide complex for a pharmaceutical product, an animal drug, a quasi-drug, a cosmetic, a food, a functional food, a feed, a fertilizer, a bath agent or the like in which the lipopolysaccharide is blended.

The invention relates to a biocontrol bacterium for preventing and treating alfalfa leaf spot disease, a biocontrol microbial agent and a preparation method and application thereof, and belongs to the field of microorganisms, the biocontrol bacterium MX282 belongs to Pantoea agglomerans, is preserved in China General Microbiological Culture Collection Center on June 23, 2025, has the preservation number of CGMCC No.34969, and has the preservation number of CGMCC No.34969. The biocontrol bacterium MX282 has the preservation number of CGMCC No.34969. The biocontrol bacterium MX282 has the preservation number of CGMCC No.34969 and the preservation number of CGMCC No.34969. Meanwhile, the invention discloses application of the biocontrol bacterium MX282 to prevention and treatment of alfalfa leaf spot disease and promotion of alfalfa growth.

The application discloses a biocontrol pantoea agglomerans KBA33 for inhibiting botryosphaeria dothidea and application thereof. The strain KBA33 disclosed by the application can effectively inhibit botryosphaeria dothidea at 16 DEG C and 28 DEG C, and can inhibit botryosphaeria dothidea through cell-cell contact.

The invention belongs to the technical field of microorganisms, and discloses a Pantoea agglomerans strain with high glutamic acid yield, the name of the Pantoea agglomerans strain is PA-GLU-10, the classification name is Pantoea agglomerans, the preservation number is GDMCC 65358, the preservation date is October 28, 2024, and the preservation unit is Guangdong Microbial Culture Collection Center, No.100 Courtyard, Xianlie Middle Road, Guangzhou. The invention provides Pantoea agglomerans, the Pantoea agglomerans can be used for fermentation production of glutamic acid, has the advantages of tolerance to relatively low pH in a fermentation process, high glutamic acid production speed, suitability for continuous culture and the like, overcomes the problems of poor acid resistance, high cost and the like of an existing fermentation strain, and is expected to reduce the production cost of glutamic acid.

The invention belongs to the technical field of microorganisms, and particularly relates to pantoea agglomerans C-167 and application thereof in prevention and treatment of postharvest diseases of citrus. The preservation number of the strain is CCTCC (China Center For Type Culture Collection) NO: M 20252918 The pantoea agglomerans C-167 disclosed by the invention provides a novel high-quality strain resource for biological prevention and control of citrus green mold; meanwhile, a good prevention and treatment effect on citrus anthracnose and citrus black rot is also achieved. The strain C-167 can effectively reduce the use of chemical bactericides, reduce the risk of pesticide residues, and provide a new technical scheme for green prevention and control of postharvest diseases of citrus.

This invention discloses a primer and probe composition for the quantitative detection of the pathogen causing leaf spot disease in wild apricot and its application, belonging to the field of agricultural biotechnology. The primer and probe composition for the quantitative detection of the pathogen causing leaf spot disease in wild apricot is mentioned, wherein the pathogen is *Scutellaria cirrhosa* (*Scutellaria cirrhosa*). Wilsonomyces carpophilus ) and / or clusters of pantothenic acid ( Pantoea agglomerans The primer-probe composition comprises a first primer pair and a first probe W.car-P for detecting *Cyclophorus frutescens*, and a second primer pair and a second probe P.agg-P for detecting *Pantotheca acuminata*. The purpose of this invention is to provide a primer-probe composition for the quantitative detection of the pathogen causing leaf spot disease in wild apricots and its application. This primer-probe composition exhibits high sensitivity, strong specificity, good stability, and high repeatability, enabling rapid and simultaneous detection of *Cyclophorus frutescens* and *Pantotheca acuminata*.

The invention provides a bio-fertilizer for promoting plant growth and enriching selenium and a preparation method thereof, and belongs to the technical field of bio-fertilizers, the bio-fertilizer is based on a dried and sterilized mixed organic matter and a direct vat set pantoea inoculant, the mass fraction of N in the mixed organic matter is 4-8%, the mass fraction of P2O5 in the mixed organic matter is 1.6-3.3%, and the mass fraction of K2O in the mixed organic matter is 1.6-3.3%. The selenium-enriched biological fertilizer for promoting plant growth is characterized in that the selenium-enriched biological fertilizer for promoting plant growth is prepared by mixing and fermenting mixed organic matters, calcium superphosphate, sodium selenite and a direct-vat-set pantoea agglomerans fungicide, the pantoea agglomerans AKFX-001 is preserved in the China General Microbiological Culture Collection Center (CGMCC), and the preservation number is CGMCC No.36122. The strain disclosed by the invention has the effects of resisting high-concentration selenium, converting inorganic selenium into organic selenium and promoting plant growth at the same time, and a single strain realizes the functions which can be realized by a previous mixed strain, so that the strain has a very good market prospect.

The invention discloses pantoea for efficiently preventing and treating citrus canker and application of the pantoea. The pantoea is named as Pantoea cypripedii Q210, the preservation number is CGMCC NO.36920, the preservation date is December 8, 2025, and the preservation site is the China General Microbiological Culture Collection Center. The bacterial strain is separated and screened from soil of a Gannan navel orange orchard, and it is found that the bacterial strain has the capacity of inhibiting growth of citrus canker pathogen Xcc, has an obvious prevention and treatment effect on citrus canker and can provide a new biological prevention and treatment means for comprehensive prevention and treatment of citrus canker.

The invention provides a storage and fresh-keeping method of oriental waterplantain rhizome flower bolts, which comprises the following steps: preparing an inactivated bacteria solution from pantoea agglomerans and Vilnelande solid-base bacteria, and adding amino ethyoxyl vinyl glycine into a bacteria solution culture medium to construct a synergistic fresh-keeping system, in the method, a mixed bacterial agent forms a biological protection layer on the surface of the flower bolts, so that the fresh-keeping effect of the flower bolts is improved, and the storage and fresh-keeping effects of the flower bolts are improved. Meanwhile, the bacterial liquid serves as an amino ethyoxyl vinyl glycine carrier, slow release and efficient permeation of active ingredients are achieved, and ethylene synthesis is inhibited from the interior; the technology has the dual advantages of biological control and physiological regulation, is green and free of chemical residues, can remarkably maintain the integrity of cell membranes, effectively keeps the color, texture and nutrition of products, prolongs the storage period, and opens up a new way for fresh keeping of green agricultural products.

The invention provides a potato growth-promoting complex microbial inoculant as well as a preparation method and application thereof, and belongs to the technical field of complex microbial inoculants. The complex microbial inoculant disclosed by the invention is prepared from rhodopseudomonas palustris LY-6, pantoea agglomerans B10, bacillus paralicheniformis and a microbial inoculant carrier. After the rhodopseudomonas palustris LY-6, the pantoea agglomerans B and the bacillus parlicheniformis are mixed according to a specific proportion, the synergistic effect is remarkable, the growth of plants can be promoted, the disease prevention performance of the plants can be improved, and the crop yield is further increased. The peat soil, the humic acid and the attapulgite powder are used as microbial agent carriers, the continuity and the stability of the composite microbial agent can be improved, plant growth can be promoted and the crop yield can be increased only by applying the microbial agent once in a planting period, and cost saving and efficiency increasing are achieved.

The invention relates to the technical field of microorganisms, in particular to an acid-resistant nitrogen fixation-activated iron phosphate synthetic flora and application thereof, and the acid-resistant nitrogen fixation-activated iron phosphate synthetic flora is composed of the following microbial strains: Pseudomonas donghuensis N-13 and Pantoea agglomerans P-23; the preservation number of the pantoea agglomerans P-23 is CGMCC (China General Microbiological Culture Collection Center) No.37622, and the preservation number of the East Lake pseudomonas N-13 is CGMCC No.37624. The method is suitable for synchronous biological enhancement of nitrogen and phosphorus nutrients in an acidic oligotrophic environment.

This invention discloses a *Pantotheca acuminata* strain G6 with rhizosphere growth-promoting functions in crops and its applications, belonging to the field of microbial technology. This invention isolated a multifunctional growth-promoting strain from the rhizosphere soil of japonica rice in cold-region black soil and, after reorganization, obtained *Pantotheca acuminata* G6, whose preservation number is CGMCC No. 38430. The *Pantotheca acuminata* G6 provided by this invention has the functions of decomposing inorganic phosphorus, decomposing organic phosphorus, producing iron carriers, producing IAA, fixing nitrogen, and decomposing potassium. This invention also discloses the application of *Pantotheca acuminata* G6 in improving seed germination and seedling growth in crops. *Pantotheca acuminata* G6 has a strong growth-promoting ability, providing an excellent growth-promoting bacterial resource for crops such as japonica rice, corn, and soybeans in cold regions, and has promotional value.

The invention provides a bacteriophage CM23S1 with a function of splitting pantoea agglomerans and application of the bacteriophage CM23S1, and belongs to the technical field of biological control. The phage is named as CM23S1, the whole length of a genome sequence is 92308 bp, the phage is preserved in the China General Microbiological Culture Collection Center on October 21, 2025, and the preservation number is CGMCC No.46684; the invention provides a method for separating and purifying the bacteriophage and preparing a biological preparation. The bacteriophage has relatively high stability and splitting property on pantoea agglomerans. An indoor bacteriostasis test shows that the bacteriophage has an obvious bacteriostasis effect on pantoea agglomerans, and a potted wheat test also proves that the bacteriophage can be used for preventing and treating plant diseases caused by pantoea agglomerans.

The present invention relates to a specific sourdough starter comprising at least one lactic acid bacterium of the species Pediococcus parvulus and at least one second lactic acid bacterium selected from Leuconostoc citreum, Pantoea agglomerans, and Bacillus subtilis, as well as its use in breadmaking and cheesemaking. In particular, the invention relates to a sourdough starter intended for use in both breadmaking and cheesemaking.

This invention provides a method for aging small green tangerines and its application, belonging to the field of food processing technology. The method includes the following steps: after washing and removing the pulp from the small green tangerine peel, spraying it with inoculated *Pancreatoblasticulata* (a type of bacteria). Pantoea agglomerans The Z05 bacterial suspension was fermented at 25-30℃ for 12-24 hours. After fermentation, the product was rinsed with sterile water, steamed to inactivate, and dried to obtain aged small green tangerine peel. The Z05 bacterial clump is an endophytic bacterium in the small green tangerine peel, with the preservation number CGMCC No. 36512. This invention can complete the aging process that traditional processes require more than one year in 24 hours, increasing the aging efficiency by 300 times. The fermentation treatment significantly reduces the pungent odor of the peel, enhances the aged aroma, promotes the color change of the peel to dark brown, and maintains the flavonoid content and antioxidant activity. This invention has a simple process, short cycle, and stable effects, and is suitable for preparing products such as small green tangerine Pu-erh tea.

This invention relates to the field of microbial technology, specifically disclosing a *Pantotheca acuminata* strain and its applications. A *Pantotheca acuminata* strain DSX-01 is provided. Through purification and isolation methods, a strain with good cellulose-decomposing ability was obtained, identified as *Pantotheca acuminata* DSX-01. Experiments detecting its cellulose-decomposing enzyme activity showed that *Pantotheca acuminata* DSX-01 has good cellulose-decomposing ability. It was deposited on March 6, 2025, at the China Center for Type Culture Collection (CCTCC), address: Luojia Mountain, Bayi Road, Wuchang District, Wuhan City, Hubei Province; accession number: CCTCC M 2025390. The *Pantotheca acuminata* DSX-01 strain was inoculated into a liquid culture medium to obtain a liquid strain. The *Pantotheca acuminata* strain or its fermentation broth was then inoculated into sawdust, and the sawdust was fermented to prepare a fermentation substrate. A comparison was made between the fermentation substrate and the blank substrate, showing that the *Pantotheca acuminata* strain inoculated into the substrate significantly promoted the growth of *Pantotheca acuminata* mycelium.

This invention provides a method for aging small green tangerines and its application, belonging to the field of food processing technology. The method includes the following steps: after washing and removing the pulp from the small green tangerine peel, spraying it with inoculated *Pancreatoblasticulata* (a type of bacteria). Pantoea agglomerans The Z05 bacterial suspension was fermented at 25-30℃ for 12-24 hours. After fermentation, the product was rinsed with sterile water, steamed to inactivate, and dried to obtain aged small green tangerine peel. The Z05 bacterial clump is an endophytic bacterium in the small green tangerine peel, with the preservation number CGMCC No. 36512. This invention can complete the aging process that traditional processes require more than one year in 24 hours, increasing the aging efficiency by 300 times. The fermentation treatment significantly reduces the pungent odor of the peel, enhances the aged aroma, promotes the color change of the peel to dark brown, and maintains the flavonoid content and antioxidant activity. This invention has a simple process, short cycle, and stable effects, and is suitable for preparing products such as small green tangerine Pu-erh tea.

The application provides a widely distributed bacteria strain YC2472 and an application thereof, and belongs to the technical field of biological control. Pantoea vagans The taxonomic name of the YC2472 strain is Pantoea vagans, the preservation unit is the Guangdong Microbial Culture Collection Center, the address is the 5th floor of the No. 59 building of the Guangzhou Martyrs' Road 100 Courtyard, the Institute of Microbiology of the Guangdong Academy of Sciences, the preservation date is July 4, 2024, and the preservation number is GDMCC No: 64827. The application screens a bacteria YC2472 with stable and significant antagonistic activity to the pathogenic bacteria from tobacco rhizosphere soil, and the bacteria YC2472 is identified as Pantoea vagans. Pantoea vagans Through retrieval of domestic and foreign literatures, Pan.vagans the biological control activity of the YC2472 strain to the tobacco Phytophthora has not been reported, so that the application highlights the innovation and potential application value.

The invention relates to a specific primer, a detection system and a detection method of peach bacterial perforation bacteria pantoea agglomerans in the technical field of plant pathogen detection. The method comprises the following steps: firstly, screening a highly conservative target DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) sequence in a Pantoea agglomerans strain of P.persicae P.sp.persicae, further designing an LAMP primer group, and verifying the specificity, the detection method and the sensitivity of the LAMP primer group. A detection optimization system is 1.4 mM of dNTP, 4 mM of MgSO4, 0.1 mu M of F3 / B3 and 1.6 mu M of FIP / BIP, and the result can be judged after the mixed system reacts for 50 minutes under the condition of 65 DEG C constant-temperature water bath. The system can detect 10 pg / mu l of pantoea agglomerans genome at least. The LAMP detection technology based on the pantoea agglomerans specificity, provided by the invention, is simple and convenient to operate, accurate, sensitive, high in specificity, high in visualization degree and the like, is suitable for rapid field diagnosis of the pantoea agglomerans, and has a remarkable field application value.

The application provides a Pantoea agglomerans KVBP1 strain, which is classified and named as Pantoea agglomerans KVBP1, and is preserved in the China Center for Type Culture Collection with a preservation number of CCTCC NO: M 20252888. The application also provides application of the KVBP1 strain in prevention and treatment of kiwi fruit canker disease and a biocontrol agent for preventing and treating kiwi fruit canker disease. The application has the advantages that a strain with a significant prevention and treatment effect on kiwi fruit canker disease is screened from kiwi fruit plant tissues and rhizosphere soil, is identified as the Pantoea agglomerans KVBP1 through multi-gene sequence analysis, and is verified in function through physiological and biochemical determination and in-vitro and in-vivo prevention and treatment effect tests, thereby providing a new high-quality biocontrol strain resource and technical support for healthy and sustainable development of the kiwi fruit industry.

The invention belongs to the technical field of Chinese mesona herb, and particularly relates to a special fertilizer for increasing the content of gum in Chinese mesona herb. The special fertilizer for improving the content of the gum in the mesona chinensis comprises a microbial fermentation mixture, and the microbial fermentation mixture is formed by mixing pantoea agglomerans fermentation liquor and bacillus velezensis fermentation liquor. The microbial fermentation mixture in the special fertilizer for improving the gum content of the Chinese mesona herb is formed by mixing the pantoea agglomerans fermentation liquor and the bacillus velezensis fermentation liquor, the gum content of the Chinese mesona herb can be improved by selecting the mixture of the two microbial fermentation liquor, the quality of the Chinese mesona herb can be improved, and the development of the Chinese mesona herb industry is promoted.

The present application relates to the field of environment and the field of agricultural biotechnology, and in particular to a kind of high-efficiency composite phosphorus-solubilizing bacterial agent and its preparation method, biological bacterial fertilizer and application, the high-efficiency composite phosphorus-solubilizing bacterial agent has active ingredient enterobacter cloacae HS6 and pantoea agglomerans CT3. The high-efficiency composite phosphorus-solubilizing bacterial agent formed by the combined application of enterobacter cloacae HS6 and pantoea agglomerans CT3 has high-efficiency phosphorus-solubilizing capacity and excellent stability, there is no antagonism between the two strains, but also can greatly improve the utilization efficiency of insoluble phosphorus, has the advantages of excellent phosphorus-solubilizing effect and high available phosphorus content, can reduce the use amount of chemical phosphorus fertilizer, suitable for use in agricultural production. The high-efficiency composite phosphorus-solubilizing bacterial agent has good prospects in the application of preparing biological bacterial fertilizer, in agricultural soil improvement, in phosphorus resource recovery and in promoting plant growth.

The invention provides endophytic fungi Pseudosperma yunnanense JMG086 at the root of cibotium barometz as well as a separation method and application of the endophytic fungi Pseudosperma yunnanense JMG086, and belongs to the technical field of fungus damage prevention and control. The endophytic fungus Pseudosperma yunnanense JMG086 at the root of cibotium barometz is classified and named as Pseudosperma yunnanense, and the preservation number of the endophytic fungus Pseudosperma yunnanense JMG086 is CCTCC (China Center For Type Culture Collection) NO: M 20251771. According to the present invention, the experiment results show that the cibotium barometz root endophytic fungus Pseudosperma yunnanense JMG086 liquid fermentation bacterial liquid extract has strong inhibition effects on the growth of pantoea agglomerans, carrot soft rot firm bacillus and ralstonia solanacearum, and can effectively prevent and treat plant diseases.

The invention relates to a lytic pantoea agglomerans phage and application thereof, and belongs to the technical field of bioengineering. The lytic pantoea agglomerans phage is preserved in the China Center for Type Culture Collection on October 30, 2025, the preservation address is Wuhan, China, and the preservation number is CCTCC NO: M 20252393; the strain is named as Pantoea agglomerans phage vBPanPgDPHH-6 in a classified manner, and the strain is named as Pantoea agglomerans phage The bacteriophage provides a brand new way for solving the problem of drug resistance of pantoea agglomerans, even if pathogenic bacteria generate resistance to conventional chemical pesticides or antibiotics, as long as the characteristics of the pathogenic bacteria serving as bacteriophage hosts are not changed, the bacteriophage can still efficiently split the pathogenic bacteria, and reliable guarantee is provided for preventing and controlling infection caused by drug-resistant strains.

The application discloses application of Pantoea agglomerans RMM02 and a product thereof in prevention and treatment of rice smut. Pantoea agglomerans The classification name of the Pantoea agglomerans RMM02 is , the preservation number is GDMCC No. 65516, the preservation unit is Guangdong Microbial Culture Collection Center, and the preservation time is November 29, 2024. The Pantoea agglomerans RMM02 is separated from a soil of a rice smut occurrence plot, and is screened through indoor confrontation test and has significant inhibitory activity on Ustilaginoidea virens. Through indoor bacteriostatic test, it is shown that the active bacteria have significant inhibitory activity on Ustilaginoidea virens. Through indoor and field tests, it is shown that the bacteria have significant inhibitory effect on growth of Ustilaginoidea virens, and can control development of a disease during a field smut occurrence period. A biocontrol fungicide prepared after fermentation of the bacteria can effectively prevent and treat smut hazards, and guarantees high yield and high quality of rice.