The invention relates to a vibration measurement field, and discloses a vibration quality detection system and method. The system comprises a substrate vibration sensor, an object vibration sensor, a conditioning module, a collection module, an analysis module, an open reading interface, a cloud platform, a control module, a programmable transmission protocol module and a physical interface. The vibration quality detection system and method can cooperate with the rhythm of a production line, and intelligently, efficiently and accurately complete the quality detection of a target detection product, and are intelligent and automatic; in addition, the system and device can upload characteristic values to be detected to the cloud platform for collection and statistics, thereby facilitating data accumulation for setting a detection standard.