The invention relates to the technical field of flue gas desulfurization, and provides a blast furnace gas fine desulfurization device and a fine desulfurization method, a front-end treatment technology is adopted, i.e., desulfurization is carried out before blast furnace gas is sent out of a system, according to the characteristic that the COS content of the blast furnace gas is high, desulfurization can be realized by adopting a COS hydrolysis process, and because the blast furnace gas contains trace toxicants such as HCl, HF and HCN, the content of the toxicants in the blast furnace gas is low, and the content of the toxicants in the blast furnace gas is low. Therefore, a liquid-phase detoxification catalyst and a hydrolysis protective agent which are specially used for removing toxicants in the blast furnace gas are adopted, most toxicants in the blast furnace gas can be removed, the desulfurization efficiency and stability of the system are improved, and the device comprises a bag-type dust collector and a heat recovery system for recovering the blast furnace gas, the heat recovery system is communicated with the bag-type dust collector through a three-way front pipe, the three-way front pipe is communicated with a liquid-phase detoxification catalyst supplementing device, a delivery pump is arranged between the liquid-phase detoxification catalyst supplementing device and the three-way front pipe, and a liquid-phase detoxification catalyst is arranged in the liquid-phase detoxification catalyst supplementing device.