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The present application belongs to the technical field of environmental hydraulics, and relates to a reservoir operation scheduling carbon transport characteristic research method, device and computer equipment. The method comprises the following steps: constructing a three-dimensional reservoir carbon transport monitoring network to obtain basic data of the carbon transport process; based on the basic data, a water dynamics-water quality coupling model for simulating the carbon transport process is constructed, and the water dynamics-water quality coupling model is verified by using monitoring data; the operation scheduling characteristics are quantified, and scheduling characteristic parameters affecting the carbon transport are extracted; a carbon flux accounting model considering the influence of scheduling is established to quantify the influence of scheduling on carbon budget; a quantitative relationship between the carbon transport characteristic parameters and the scheduling characteristic parameters is established; based on carbon environmental constraints, scheduling optimization evaluation is carried out, the carbon target is included in the scheduling optimization system, and a low-carbon scheduling scheme is proposed. The present application has systematicness and dynamicity, realizes quantitative evaluation of carbon transport, has practicability, can be popularized to carbon cycle research of other types of water bodies, and has expansibility.