56 results about "Ammonium iodide" patented technology

The invention belongs to the field of chemical reagent moisture detection, and particularly relates to a coulometry Karl Fischer reagent for aldehyde ketone moisture detection and a preparation method of the coulometry Karl Fischer reagent. The coulometry Karl Fischer reagent for aldehyde ketone moisture detection is prepared from the following components in parts by weight: 1 to 15 percent of imidazole, 1 to 15 percent of 2-methylimidazole, 25 to 70 percent of ethylene glycol monomethyl ether, 5 to 30 percent of trichloromethane, 2 to 30 percent of trifluoroethanol, 2 to 10 percent of sulfur dioxide, 1 to 10 percent of methyl iodide, 0.1 to 5 percent of tetrabutylammonium iodide and 0.1 to 5 percent of iodine. The method does not contain hydroxyl compounds, effectively inhibits the generation of side reactions in detection, ensures the detection accuracy, and improves the product stability and effectively shortens the instrument equilibrium time by adding iodomethane and tetrabutylammonium iodide.

To provide a new method for producing a fluorinated organic compound in which removal or separation of an auxiliary is easy and which is advantageous in production cost.SOLUTION: A compound represented by the following formula (1): wherein R1, R2 and n are as defined in the description. The method comprises reacting the compound represented by the formula (1) with (A) at least one fluorine source selected from hydrogen fluoride, a hydrogen fluoride salt and a fluoride salt, (B) at least one iodine source selected from iodine and ammonium iodide, and (C) a compound having at least one fluorinated quaternary nitrogen atom in the molecule. A step of difluorinating the compound represented by the formula (1), wherein the amount of the iodine source (B) used is less than 1.0 mol per 1 mol of the compound represented by the formula (1).SELECTED DRAWING: None

The invention relates to a fuel cell catalyst and a preparation method thereof, and belongs to the technical field of fuel cells. The preparation method of the fuel cell catalyst provided by the invention comprises the following steps: (1) performing heat treatment on conductive carbon black to obtain graphitized conductive carbon black; (2) mixing ammonium iodide with the graphitized conductive carbon black obtained in the step (1) to obtain mixed powder, and calcining the obtained mixed powder to obtain an iodine-doped carrier; and (3) dipping the iodine-doped carrier obtained in the step (2) in a platinum salt solution, drying, and carrying out heat treatment in a reducing atmosphere to obtain the fuel cell catalyst. According to the preparation method, ammonium iodide easy to sublimate and conductive carbon black subjected to graphitization heat treatment are uniformly mixed, the ammonium iodide sublimates to the surface of the graphitized conductive carbon black in the heat treatment process to realize in-situ doping, an iodine-doped voltage-resistant carrier is formed, and then Pt is loaded on the iodine-doped voltage-resistant carrier, so that the Pt-loaded iodine-doped voltage-resistant composite material is obtained. The fuel cell catalyst with high stability and excellent electrochemical performance is obtained.

The invention relates to a preparation method of an ammonium ion intercalation two-dimensional material, which comprises the following steps: by taking a two-dimensional material single crystal as a raw material and ammonium iodide as an intercalation agent, putting the two-dimensional material single crystal into an ammonium iodide solution, heating, cooling, cleaning, and drying in vacuum to obtain an ammonium ion intercalation two-dimensional material compound. The preparation method is simple, quick, green, environment-friendly, high in efficiency and low in cost; the prepared ammonium ion intercalation type two-dimensional material has great application prospects in the aspects of energy storage, catalysis, ion exchange and the like.

The invention discloses a method for detecting silicon dioxide, calcium oxide and magnesium oxide in fly ash, which comprises the following steps: firing the fly ash at a certain temperature for a certain time, weighing a certain amount of fired sample, preparing a glass sheet by using lithium tetraborate-lithium metaborate as a flux and ammonium iodide as a release agent in a melting furnace at a certain temperature for a certain time, and then sintering the glass sheet in a sintering furnace at a certain temperature for a certain time. The X-ray fluorescence intensity of silicon, calcium and magnesium is determined through an X-ray fluorescence spectrometer, so that the determination of silicon dioxide, calcium oxide and magnesium oxide is completed. The method is simple to operate, high in analysis speed, accurate in result and easy to master.

The application is a preparation method and application of an iodine-doped cobalt-based electrocatalyst. The method uses mild ammonium iodide to perform a doping and synchronous etching strategy, successfully anchoring cobalt in the form of single atoms and clusters on an iodine-doped carbon substrate in one step; the obtained iodine-doped cobalt-based electrocatalyst has tandem catalytic active sites composed of iodine-coordinated cobalt single atoms and cobalt clusters, which can simultaneously promote the deoxygenation and hydrogenation steps in the electrocatalytic reduction of nitrate. The electrocatalytic synthesis of ammonia obtained by the application exhibits an ammonia yield of more than 17000 μg h ‑1 mg cat. ‑1 and a Faraday efficiency of more than 95%, achieving the simultaneous coexistence of high ammonia yield and high Faraday efficiency, and providing a new idea for green, efficient and sustainable ammonia synthesis.

The application relates to the fine chemical technology field and discloses a preparation method of 2-substituted-2,3-dihydro-4 H benzothiazine-4-ketone. The specific steps are as follows: 1,2-benzisothiazolin-3-ketone and carbonyl compound are used as raw materials, hydrogen iodide and ammonium iodide are used as important additives, one-step reaction is carried out in an organic solvent, and the target product can be obtained after purification. The method is simple in operation, high in yield and has potential application value.

The application discloses a method for synthesizing N-(hetero) aryl sulfonamide compounds. The method uses bipyridine as a ligand, nickel acetate or nickel chloride as a catalyst, low-cost low-activity (hetero) aryl chloride and different types of sulfonamides as substrates, 1,8-diazabicycloundec-7-ene, tetramethyl guanidine, 7-methyl-1,5,7-triazabicyclo[4.4.0]dec-5-ene and the like as organic bases, and tetra-n-butylammonium iodide as an additive. The C-N coupling reaction of (hetero) aryl chloride and sulfonamide is realized by light-induced nickel catalysis in an argon atmosphere, so as to realize the synthesis of various (hetero) aryl sulfonamide compounds. The reaction system is simple, the operation is simple, the reaction condition is mild, the post-treatment is simple, the yield is good, the substrate range is wide, the use of traditional expensive metal catalysts and inorganic bases is avoided, the problems of complex catalytic system reaction and poor functional group compatibility are solved, and the method is a simple and efficient method for synthesizing (hetero) aryl sulfonamide compounds. The method has good application prospect.

The invention discloses a preparation method of a heterojunction modified C60 supported monatomic iodine catalyst, and belongs to the technical field of nano materials and catalysis. According to the method, iodine atoms are stably loaded on a C60 carrier through oxidation pretreatment, heterostructure construction and a pyrolysis anchoring process. The method comprises the following steps: firstly, carrying out surface carboxylation activation on C60 by adopting nitric acid / sulfuric acid mixed acid; then mixing with thiourea, and performing high-temperature annealing to realize nitrogen-sulfur co-doping, so as to form a donor-acceptor pair heterojunction in a C60 skeleton; and finally, ball-milling and mixing with ammonium iodide or potassium iodate, and pyrolyzing in an inert atmosphere, so that iodine atoms and defect sites of the carrier form a C-I-N or C-I-S coordination structure, and monatomic-scale dispersion is realized. Topological defect anchoring points are created in C60 through heterojunction engineering, so that the iodine loading capacity reaches 5.0 wt% or above, the cycling stability is remarkably improved, the electron structure is optimized through nitrogen and sulfur synergistic doping, the half-wave potential of the catalyst in the oxygen reduction reaction reaches 0.85 V or above, and the apparent rate constant of persulfate for activating and degrading pollutants reaches 0.45 min <-1 >. The method has the advantages of simple process and low raw material cost, and is suitable for preparing efficient non-metal catalysts in the fields of fuel cells, metal-air battery electrodes, advanced oxidation water treatment and the like.

The invention relates to the technical field of film preparation, in particular to a preparation method for preparing an ultra-thick formamidine and methylamine mixed perovskite film through a blade coating method and application of the super-thick formamidine and methylamine mixed perovskite film through the blade coating method. The preparation method comprises the following steps that a precursor solution is prepared, specifically, methyl ammonium iodide, formamidine ammonium iodide and lead iodide are put into a ternary mixed solvent, and preparation of the precursor solution is completed; and performing deposition treatment, namely depositing the precursor solution prepared in the step 1 on a glass substrate by adopting a blade coating method to form a thin film, and completing the deposition treatment of the glass substrate. In the ternary mixed solvent, ethylene glycol monomethyl ether ensures rapid drying, N, N-dimethylformamide stabilizes the morphology of the wet film, dimethyl sulfoxide regulates and controls the crystallization process, and after the perovskite wet film prepared under the system is subjected to vacuum flash evaporation and thermal annealing, the perovskite wet film can be rapidly dried. And finally, the high-quality perovskite thin film with large crystal grains, uniform distribution, black and bright mirror surfaces on the upper surface and the lower surface and no void defect is formed, and the requirement of a high-performance solar cell on an active layer structure is met.

This invention discloses a process and active carrier catalyst for the catalytic synthesis of acetyl empagliflozin. The process utilizes a yeast cell wall-mediated active carrier nickel-phosphorus composite catalyst. The catalyst is activated in a water / glycerol mixed solvent via microwave-ultrasound dual-field synergistic activation, catalyzing the reaction of compound 5 with compound 4 to obtain compound 3. In a supercritical CO2 / ionic liquid system, leveraging the photoisomerization properties of spiropyran-quaternary ammonium iodide, under low-voltage electrocatalysis and UV-Vis switching conditions, the directional glycosylation reaction of compound 3 with compound 2 is achieved to obtain compound 1. This invention utilizes the porous structure and functional groups of the yeast cell wall to stabilize nano-nickel-phosphorus particles, improving catalytic efficiency and reusability. Through the synergistic guiding effect of photoresponsive molecules and ionic liquids, high selectivity of the reaction is achieved. The entire process uses green solvents, and a closed-loop catalyst recovery process is established, offering advantages such as environmental friendliness, low cost, and high product purity.

The invention provides a method for detecting tetrabutylammonium iodide and / or tetrabutylammonium bromide in a medicine, the method is efficient and rapid, tetrabutylammonium iodide and tetrabutylammonium bromide can be quantified by detecting iodide ions and bromide ions, and the method has the characteristics of short analysis time, simple analysis steps, low analysis cost and the like. The method provided by the invention is a general analysis method, is applicable to detection of most drugs, and can replace an expensive ion chromatograph, so that the equipment cost is greatly reduced.

The invention relates to a purification method of high-purity quartz sand, and belongs to the technical field of quartz sand purification. According to the purification method of the high-purity quartz sand, the pretreated quartz sand and the solid halogenating agent (containing ammonium iodide and ammonium bromide) are mixed, activated roasting is conducted under microwave irradiation, inclusion in the quartz sand is burst through the selective heating effect of microwaves, and impurity elements are promoted to react with the solid halogenating agent to generate volatile halides to be removed. Then, the microwave halide material is further purified through chlorination of a gas chlorinating agent, and finally, a high-purity quartz sand product is obtained through aftertreatment. According to the method, gas-solid synergistic halogenation and microwave activation are combined, so that the activation energy and the reaction temperature of the halogenation reaction are remarkably reduced, the removal efficiency of impurities difficult to remove such as boron, aluminum and titanium is improved, 99.9% of quartz sand can be purified to 99.99% or above, and the method has the advantages of low energy consumption and high product purity.

Provided is a novel method for producing a fluorinated organic compound that facilitates removal or separation of an auxiliary agent and that is advantageous in terms of production costs. The production method is a method for producing a difluoride which is a compound represented by formula (1) (in the formula, R1, R2, and n have the same definitions as the symbols described in the specification). The method involves a step for reacting the compound represented by formula (1) with (A) at least one fluorine source selected from hydrogen fluoride, hydrogen fluoride salts, and fluoride salts, (B) at least one iodine source selected from iodine and ammonium iodide, and (C) a compound having at least one fluorinated quaternary nitrogen atom in the molecule to difluorinate the compound represented by formula (1), wherein the amount of the iodine source (B) used is less than 1.0 mol with respect to 1 mol of the compound represented by formula (1).

The application discloses a preparation method of a double-layer composite material and application thereof, and the preparation method of the double-layer composite material comprises the following steps: dissolving formamidinium hydriodide, methylammonium iodide, lead iodide, stannous iodide and an additive in a mixed solution of dimethylformamide and dimethyl sulfoxide to prepare a perovskite precursor solution; coating the perovskite precursor solution on a substrate in a spin coating mode; treating the precursor solution with an anti-solvent during the spin coating process to obtain an intermediate phase thin film; and performing annealing treatment on the intermediate phase thin film to obtain a fully crystallized double-layer perovskite thin film. By using the method, the problems that the existing perovskite battery has poor absorption to near-infrared light, the photoelectric conversion efficiency is reduced, the utilization rate of light is not high, the device temperature is increased, and the application field is limited, and the existing double-layer perovskite thin film is prepared in layers, the preparation process is increased, and the production efficiency of the battery is reduced and the like can be solved.

The invention discloses a multi-reaction-mechanism positive electrode material as well as a preparation method and application thereof, and belongs to the technical field of preparation of aqueous zinc ion battery positive electrode materials. The preparation method disclosed by the invention comprises the following steps: adding layered vanadium oxide into deionized water, then adding iodide, and stirring to obtain a mixed solution; sequentially centrifuging, washing, drying and grinding the mixture to obtain the multi-reaction-mechanism positive electrode material; the layered vanadium oxide comprises vanadium pentoxide; the iodide is lithium iodide, zinc iodide, ammonium iodide, calcium iodide, sodium iodide or potassium iodide. According to the method, volume expansion and structure collapse caused by repeated embedding / removing of Zn < 2 + > in the circulation process are inhibited, and the stability is improved.

The invention discloses a preparation method of a 2-substituted quinazoline derivative, which comprises the following step: heating and stirring three components, namely an ammonium salt, a benzyl alcohol compound and a 2, 1-benzisoxazole compound in an organic solvent to obtain the 2-substituted quinazoline derivative. According to the method, ammonium iodide which is low in price and easy to obtain is used as a nitrogen source and an oxidizing agent, benzyl alcohol is used as a carbon source, and efficient construction from a 2, 1-benzisoxazole skeleton to a 2-substituted quinazoline skeleton is achieved through a carbon-nitrogen diatom inserted ring expansion reaction under the mild conditions of no metal and no additive. The synthetic method developed by the invention has a good application prospect in the industrial fields of biological medicines, pesticides and the like, and is particularly suitable for efficiently preparing the quinazoline compound with biological activity under simple and convenient conditions. The synthetic method developed by the invention has a good application prospect in the industrial fields of biological medicines, pesticides and the like, and a theoretical basis is provided for commercialized application of the derivatives in the field of medicines.

The invention relates to the technical field of perovskite solar cells, in particular to a wide-band-gap perovskite solar cell. The invention provides a wide-band-gap perovskite solar cell. The wide-band-gap perovskite solar cell comprises a substrate, a hole transport layer, a perovskite light absorption layer, an interface passivation layer, an electron transport layer and an electrode layer which are sequentially stacked, the material of the perovskite light absorption layer is (FA < 0.98 > MA < 0.02 >) < 0.95 > Cs < 0.05 > Pb < (I < 0.95 > Br < 0.05 >) < 3 >; the preparation raw material of the interface passivation layer is a phenethyl ammonium iodide solution; a solvent of the phenethyl ammonium iodide solution comprises n-butyl alcohol and dimethyl sulfoxide. According to the broadband gap perovskite solar cell, the problems of low open-circuit voltage and low efficiency due to the fact that surface defects of the perovskite layer in an existing broadband gap perovskite solar cell hinder carrier transmission are well solved, and the overall performance of the broadband gap perovskite solar cell is improved.

This invention relates to the field of solid-state refrigeration materials with pressure-sensitive effects, and discloses a technical method for improving the adiabatic temperature change decay of plastic crystal materials under constant pressure cycling conditions. The method involves uniformly mixing ammonium iodide plastic crystal grains with silicone oil to form a coating composite system with lubricating and isolating functions. A spherical shell encapsulation structure is then fabricated using PA12 nylon powder via laser sintering 3D printing. The composite system is filled and sealed within the spherical shell to form a stable encapsulation unit. During programmed pressurization and depressurization cycles of the encapsulation unit under constant pressure conditions, the silicone oil effectively reduces inter-grain friction and stress concentration, while the spherical shell structure prevents the loss of the coating medium and maintains the integrity of the system, thereby significantly suppressing the decay of the adiabatic temperature change of the plastic crystal material with increasing cycle count.

The application discloses a kind of two-dimensional electrocatalytic hydrogen evolution materials based on cation-π interaction construction and preparation method and application, specifically related to the field of catalyst, including multiple two-dimensional electrocatalytic hydrogen evolution monomers, multiple two-dimensional electrocatalytic hydrogen evolution monomers are connected head to tail between, the preparation method of monomer includes: 4,4'-dihydroxy azobenzene, bromoaromatic hydrocarbon, tetrabutylammonium iodide and cesium carbonate are coupled to obtain product;Product, 1,2-dibromoethane, cesium carbonate are etherified to obtain R2-bromoazobenzenyl compound;R2-bromoazobenzenyl compound, aromatic cation are subjected to nucleophilic substitution reaction, and ammonium hexafluorophosphate solution is added to carry out anion exchange reaction, to obtain R1-ethoxy-phenyl-azo-phenyloxy-ethyl-R2-hexafluorophosphate salt.Can significantly increase the exposure of hydrogen adsorption active site, thereby significantly improve the electrocatalytic hydrogen evolution performance.

The application discloses a kind of supermolecular hybrid hydrogel continuously generating hydroxyl radical, wherein the supermolecular hybrid hydrogel is composed of sodium hyaluronate and a nanocomposite, the sodium hyaluronate is the substance forming the network structure of the supermolecular hybrid hydrogel, the nanocomposite is distributed in the network structure, and the nanocomposite is the complex of beta-cyclodextrin modified upconversion nanoparticle and (ferrocene methyl) trimethyl ammonium iodide;Wherein the mass ratio of beta-cyclodextrin modified upconversion nanoparticle and (ferrocene methyl) trimethyl ammonium iodide complex: sodium hyaluronate: deionized water is 52: (17.5-20): 1000.The supermolecular hybrid hydrogel of the application can catalyze the reverse Fenton reaction under the tumor microenvironment, in situ cyclic generation of hydroxyl radical, and has potential application in the treatment of malignant tumors.

The present invention aims to provide an application of an ammonium ion-containing halogen compound in solid-state refrigeration and a novel efficient solid-state refrigeration method driven by a pressure. The ammonium ion-containing halogen compound is characterized in that phase change can be induced with only a small pressure, resulting in a huge barocaloric effect, and the unit pressure thereof drives the phase-change temperature displacement as high as 0.81 Kmin−1. Ammonium iodide produces 89.07 J kg−1K−1 isothermal entropy change under a pressure of 20 MPa; and the use of this material for a refrigeration cycle is far superior to other material systems having a barocaloric effect.

The invention belongs to the technical field of wastewater treatment, and particularly relates to a nonmetal iodine-doped hollow carbon sphere catalytic material as well as a preparation method and application thereof. The preparation method of the nonmetal iodine-doped hollow carbon sphere catalytic material comprises the following steps: mixing and grinding hollow carbon sphere powder and ammonium iodide to obtain doped powder; and coating the doped powder with template particles, and sintering to obtain the non-metal iodine-doped hollow carbon spheres. According to the invention, iodine is doped in a carbon skeleton, and a template method is used for assisting in constructing a multistage aperture, so that active sites are increased, the efficient degradation rate of organic pollutants is improved, the retention time of organic molecules is prolonged, the degradation efficiency of organic matters is greatly improved through the cooperation of iodine and the carbon skeleton, and secondary pollution is not caused at the same time.

The invention discloses a synthesis method of 3-mercaptobenzoic acid, and belongs to the technical field of organic synthesis, the synthesis method comprises the following steps: mixing benzoic acid with a first part of chlorosulfonic acid, reacting at 100-110 DEG C, adding a second part of chlorosulfonic acid, reacting at 120-130 DEG C, cooling, and stirring at 0-5 DEG C to obtain 3-chlorosulfonyl benzoic acid; the preparation method comprises the following steps: mixing anhydrous ethyl lactate, tetrabutylammonium iodide and 3-chlorosulfonylbenzoic acid in an inert environment, heating to 50-55 DEG C, adding a sodium iodide / acetonitrile solution, keeping the temperature, heating to 80-85 DEG C, adding triphenylphosphine, adding formic acid, reacting at 80-85 DEG C, cooling to 60-65 DEG C, adding water, and reacting; the synthesis method provided by the invention can solve the problems of high raw material toxicity, low product yield, poor quality, serious three-waste pollution, high cost and unsuitability for industrialization in the synthesis method of 3-mercaptobenzoic acid in the prior art.

The present application relates to the technical field of alloy coating, and particularly relates to a Co composite modified PtAl diffusion layer suitable for nickel-based high-temperature alloy and a preparation method thereof. The preparation method provided by the present application comprises the following steps: after plating platinum on the surface of the nickel-based high-temperature alloy, vacuum heat treatment is performed to obtain the nickel-based high-temperature alloy with a surface comprising a Ni-Pt interdiffusion layer; a cobalt-aluminum co-diffusion treatment is performed on the nickel-based high-temperature alloy with the surface comprising the Ni-Pt interdiffusion layer by using a chemical vapor deposition method to obtain the Co composite modified PtAl diffusion layer; the cobalt source used in the chemical vapor deposition is a mixture of ammonium iodide and cobalt particles, and the reaction gas of the cobalt source is hydrogen iodide; the aluminum source used in the chemical vapor deposition is aluminum particles, and the reaction gas of the aluminum source is hydrogen chloride. The preparation method solves the problem of low cobalt diffusion efficiency caused by excessively high aluminum diffusion temperature by adjusting the composition of the cobalt source.

The application belongs to the technical field of silver-containing waste electronic and electrical equipment recycling, and particularly relates to a leaching agent for waste electronic and electrical equipment recycling, a preparation method and a silver leaching and recycling method. The leaching agent is trioctylmethylammonium triiodide [N 1888 ][I3], the trioctylmethylammonium triiodide [N 1888 ][I3] has good stability and low viscosity, does not need to be diluted by toxic organic solvents, the leaching agent recycles metals through oxidation and reduction, realizes high leaching efficiency under low-temperature stirring conditions, and avoids the use of acid or corrosive reagents and high energy consumption.

The invention discloses a preparation method and application of an iodine-doped carbon nitride photocatalytic material, and belongs to the technical field of photocatalytic material preparation and water pollution control. The preparation method of the iodine-doped carbon nitride photocatalytic material comprises the following steps: S1, mixing melamine and ammonium iodide to obtain a mixed material; s2, calcining the mixture in an inert atmosphere, and after calcining is finished, cooling, washing and drying to obtain the iodine-doped carbon nitride photocatalytic material. According to the method, the exciton effect is regulated and controlled through iodine doping, molecular oxygen is efficiently activated to generate singlet oxygen, and rapid and selective degradation of electron-rich organic pollutants is achieved.

The present disclosure provides a preparation method of a covalent triazine polymer, comprising: mixing and dissolving an aromatic aldehyde compound, ammonium iodide and a non-noble metal chloride catalyst in anhydrous organic solvent under oxygen-rich conditions to obtain a reactant mixed solution; heating the reactant mixed solution under oxygen-rich and a first temperature for a first time duration to obtain an intermediate mixed solution; heating the intermediate mixed solution under oxygen-rich and a second temperature for a second time duration to evaporate the solvent and obtain the covalent triazine polymer, wherein the second temperature is higher than the first temperature.

The invention discloses a copper-doped high-nuclear-number titanium-oxygen cluster compound as well as a preparation method and application thereof, and relates to the field of materials and photoelectrocatalysis. The method for preparing the copper-doped high-nuclear-number titanium oxygen cluster compound comprises the following steps: 1) adding 3, 5-dimethylbenzoic acid, phenanthroline, cupric acetate and ammonium iodide into a solvent, and stirring to uniformly mix to obtain a turbid liquid; and (2) adding tetraisopropyl titanate and formic acid into the turbid liquid obtained in the step (1), uniformly stirring under sealing, carrying out heat preservation reaction, and after the reaction is finished, carrying out post-treatment to obtain a target product. The preparation method is simple, raw materials are easy to obtain, and industrial production is easy; a template agent or a surfactant is not needed in the reaction process, the raw material cost is low, the post-treatment is simple, the pollution is less, and the green and environment-friendly requirements are met. According to the prepared copper-doped high-nuclear-number titanium-oxygen cluster compound, due to doping of Cu, the high-nuclear-number titanium-oxygen cluster compound has high selectivity, and the Faraday efficiency of the product urea is improved.

Manufacturing semiconductor device includes forming photoresist layer. Photoresist layer is selectively exposed to actinic radiation and developed to form pattern. Photoresist composition includes: iodine-containing sensitizer, photoactive compound, polymer. Iodine-containing sensitizer includes ammonium, phosphonium, or heterocyclic ammonium iodides,where X1, X2, X3, and X4 are independently direct bond, C6-C30 iodo-aryl group, C1-C30 iodo-alkyl group, C3-C30 iodo-cycloalkyl group, C1-C30 iodo-hydroxylalkyl group, C2-C30 iodo-alkoxy group, C3-C30 iodo-alkoxyl alkyl group, C1-C30 iodo-acetyl group, C2-C30 iodo-acetylalkyl group, C1-C30 iodo-carboxyl group, C2-C30 iodo-alky carboxyl group, and C4-C30 iodo-cycloalkyl carboxyl group; C3-C30 saturated or unsaturated iodo-hydrocarbon ring, or C3-C30 iodo-heterocyclic group; A1, A2, A3, A4 are independently acid labile group selected from C6-C15 iodo-aryl group, C4-C15 iodo-alkyl group, C4-C15 iodo-cycloalkyl group, C4-C15 iodo-hydroxylalkyl group, C4-C15 iodo-alkoxy group, and C4-C15 iodo-alkoxyl alkyl group.