The invention discloses an automatic double-station rapid sample milling device, which contains a bed, a box, a workbench, a main shaft device, an X-axis guide rail, an Y-axis lead screw, a synchronous pulley, a clamping device, a positioning cylinder, a clamping air motor, a tool exchange cylinder, a knife bar, a cutterhead, a dust shield, a cutting hopper, an X-axis servo motor, an elevating servo motor, a rotary servo motor, a PLC electric cabinet and a touch screen, wherein the clamping air motor, the tool exchange cylinder, the X-axis servo motor, the elevating servo motor and the rotary servo motor are respectively connected with the PLC electric cabinet; the PLC electric cabinet is connected with the touch screen; there are two sets of the main shaft device and the tool exchange cylinder, the knife bar, the cutterhead and the rotary servo motor which match with the main shaft device, and the cutterhead in one of the sets is one with inner converse angle. The sample milling device provided by the invention has a reasonable structure, is easy and convenient to operate, has high sample processing quality, and is safe and reliable.