The invention discloses a PCR (polymerase chain reaction) apparatus based on a phase change thermal storage material and heat pipes. The PCR apparatus comprises a reagent heating platform, a first semiconductor refrigerating sheet, a metal radiating plate, a first phase change thermal storage device, a second fan, a second semiconductor refrigerating sheet, a screw lever, a stepping motor, a first fan, a metal radiating fin, a controller, a first heat pipe, a second heat pipe, a second phase change thermal storage device, a sliding rail and a temperature sensor. According to the PCR apparatus disclosed by the invention, two heat switches are formed by the second phase change thermal storage device and one end of the second heat pipe as well as by the first phase change thermal storage device and the other end of the second heat pipe; with the design of the heat switches, a heat energy transmission direction is controlled, and with the use of the heat switches, heat conductivity is effectively improved; secondary utilization of waste heat is achieved by using the phase change material; and compared with original design schemes, the invention, mentioned above, can improve a heating rate by more than one time, improve a cooling rate by more than two times and meanwhile reduce total power consumption of equipment by a half; therefore, the invention is of great significance to updating and upgrading of the PCR apparatus.