Diverse methods of utilization and the corresponding, related modifications, of linear type, Variable Gas Atomization (VGA) nozzles and lances are described. Therein is joined the mixing and gas atomization of chemicals that react to form active products that further react with harmful
flue gas constituents of
combustion so as to enable their effective collection. One version combines, in a lance
assembly of nozzles, the injection of reactants, in the form of finely divided dry solids conveyed in a carrier air
stream, and the fine atomization of water, aqueous solutions or slurries. Atomization of such streams is employed to effectively wet the surfaces of the dry particles and, thereby, promote the rapid
sorption of gaseous constituents of
flue gas being treated. Another version simultaneously mixes and atomizes reacting chemicals to produce, and release into the
flue gas
stream, strongly oxidizing, transient, species of their reaction products. The simultaneous atomization and
chemical reaction enables the effective capture of targeted
flue gas constituents. An accompanying
flue gas duct modification is described providing means for cost effective, high-performance
system operation of linear VGA
nozzle-lance arrays, as components of the various subject
flue gas cleaning processes. The combination of linear VGA
nozzle-lances and, as needed, flue gas duct enhancement, is intended to provide an economical and technically practicable means of
retrofitting existing fossil fueled boilers of a wide range of capacities to meet future emission limits for SO2, SO3,
NOx and mercury.