The invention belongs to the technical field of chemical cleaning of metal surfaces, and particularly relates to a metal surface cleaning anti-scaling agent containing compound acid. The agent comprises two or more components in parts by weight as follows: 70-98 parts of sulfamic acid, 0.05-20 parts of glycolic acid, 0.05-20 parts of tartaric acid, 0.05-20 parts of lactic acid, 0.05-20 parts of gluconic acid, 0.05-20 parts of salicylic acid, 1.5-1.8 parts of a sulfamic acid corrosion inhibitor and 0.2-0.45 part of a surfactant. The agent utilizes sulfamic acid as the main pickling potion, the material status is solid, therefore the transportation is convenient, the cost is low, the pickling temperature is low, the implementation is facilitated, and time, labor and energy are saved. During water washing after pickling, the temperature difference born by a water wall can be reduced greatly under the condition of insufficient heat source capacity, and the protection of the water wall is facilitated. The agent is further provided with characteristics of simple postprocessing, low cleaning cost, and the like, can be applied to chemical surface cleaning of various metal materials such as carbon steel, stainless steel, alloy steel and the like, and can be widely applied to chemical cleaning of various large-capacity boilers and heat exchangers.