The invention discloses an electrical type balance oil cylinder potential energy recycling system. On the basis of an original movable arm drive system, a balance oil cylinder, a double-direction hydraulic pump/motor and an electric motor/electric generator are additionally arranged, conversion storage is achieved through the hydraulic pump, the electric motor/electric generator and a power battery, gravitational potential energy of a movable arm device is converted into electric energy to be stored, or the electric energy is converted into hydraulic energy to drive the movable arm to ascend, through control over the rotating speed of the electric motor/electric generator, releasing of electric energy can be controlled, the ascending speed of the movable arm can be controlled, and the defect that in hydraulic energy storage, the releasing process of energy stored in a hydraulic energy accumulator is not controlled is overcome. The electrical type balance oil cylinder potential energy recycling system is suitable for a hydraulic excavator, on the basis of not changing the operation structure of an original power system, gravitational potential energy of the movable arm is stored and released, energy is saved, and the very high economic value is achieved.